F 



V <v 



^^ 



& 



V ^. 



% ■<!>' 



V .v\ 






■'^,/> .^V^' 



.ijf\^ 



.V 












%.^ 



,^- ^ 






%. 












':. ,^' 






0^^%. 




INFORMATION FOR THE 



TOURIST, TRAVELER, INVALID 



AND 



PLEASURE-SEEm 



I- -v;/,' 



— — f:v. msil: 

PUBLISHED ANNUALLY B,Y 18TS. ^<^ / 



John P 



i:d annually ] 

. Whi 



tney. 



SEASON 1879, 



Pathfinder Office, New York. 



r/p-7^"7 




Shmild it not give sfitisfaci'ion, 



and less until it does. 



bV 



WARREN RAY, 

SHIPPING & COMMISSION MERCHANT, 

1«0 TVAF.I. STKEET, XETF YORK. 

REGULAR PACKET LINES FOR JACKSON VILLE, FEKNAN- 

DINA, AND ST. AUGLTSTINE, FLA.; AND 

BFtUNSWICK, GA. 

Freight taken for all Points on the St John's Biver and the 
Interior. Insurance effected at low rates. Goods received and 
forwarded without charge. 

HOYT'S DYSPEPSIA CURE. 

NEVER FAILS. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 
GENERAL DEPOT, 

STARR H. AMBLER & CO. 

WHOLESALE DRUGGISTS. 

NO 36 VKSEY STREET, NEW YORK. 

Treatise on Syspepsla sent free on application. 




THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. I 



HOLLER'S 

©d tai^©? Oil ' 




Dr. L. a. Satre, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, New York, writes : "Of 
late years it h^s become almost irapissible to get any Cod Liver Oil that patients 
can digest, owing to the objectionable way of procuring and preparing the livers. 
* * * Miller, of I 'hristiana. Norway, prepares an Oil which is perfectly 
pure, and is in every raspect all ttiat can be wished." 

Dr. J. Marion Sims writes : " For some years I had given ud the use of Ood 
Liver Oil altogether: but since my attention was called by Dr. Sayre to MoUer's 
Oil, I have prescribed it almost daily, and have every reason to be satisfied with it,' ' 

John C. Thoroughgood, M. D., London Hos itnl for Diseases of the Chest, 
says: "Moller's Oil agrees well with delicate stomachs, and possesses marked 
curative properties in consumption." 

Abbott Smith, M. D , North London Consumption Hospital, says: "Moller's 
Oil is mora readily taken by delicate persons and children; is more easily assimi- 
lated, and is productive of more immediate beneiit than tne other kinds are." 

SOLD BY DRUGGISTS. 

APPLETONS' 

HAND-BOOK 

OF AMERICAISr 

WINTER RESORTS. 

FOR TOUmSTS AND INVALIDS. 

With Maps and illustrations. 

New Edition Eevised to the Winter of 3 878-79. 

1 Vol., 12mo. 138 pp. 

Price, Paper, 50 cents ; Cloth, 75 cents. 

D. APPLETON & CO., 

549 and 551 Broadway, NEW YORK. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year lb 78, by 

JOHN P. WHITNEY, 
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



FLORIDA. 

No State in the Union has attracted more attention 
and investigation from the tourist, invalid, sportsman 
and immigrant than the State of Florida. 

It is only vs^ithin the past fevs^ 37ears that the benefi- 
cial effects of its climate, and its many other induce- 
ments have become thoroughly know^n and appreci- 
ated. To the veteran cavalier Juan Ponce de Leon the 
credit belongs of first visiting the Land of Flowers in 
search of health. It was on the second day of April, 
1512, when this veteran disembarked just north of the 
present site of St. Augustine, in firm, belief of finding 
the fabled Fountain of Youth, the water of which 
he expected would restore the aged and infirm to re- 
newed youth and vigor. He retraced his course to his 
native land, an older and a wiser leader, and though 
his special mission was a failure, yet he signalled out a 
climate that truly works wonders and well deserves 
the respect and consideration of all the health-seeking 
world ; while to the sportsman, scientist, student, and 
the business man seeking recuperation for the over- 
worked brain and body, there is no locality in the 
United States that extends superior advantages. 

It is not only interesting to invalids and others who 
visit the State for health and pleasure, but its advan- 
tages as a permanent residence are now fully estab- 
lished. It is but a few years ago that the number of 
visitors to this State did not exceed a few hundred, 
whilst at the present day the visitation may be esti- 
mated by the thousands. 

The State is especially favored by the appearance of 
American tourists, who have, heretofore, indulged 
their Winters in celebrated health- restoring climates 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



abroad, and from whose lips Florida has received the 
compliment of being, in respect to salubrity of climate, 
far superior to foreign countries. Surely no American 
need seek an Italy across the waters when a superior 
one lies here almost within a day's travel. 

From the metropolis of Jacksonville, up the grand 
old St. John's to the cozy retreats of Magnolia, Green 
Cove, Palatka and points beyond, and especially the 
ancient city of St. Augustine, one may obsen'e elegant 
Winter mansions and cottages, which, during the 
Winter season are occupied by their wealthy owners. 

For the consumptive individual — if the visit is ac- 
complished before the disease destroys the foundation 
for rebuilding, and for the business man whose brain 
and nervous system are worn down by business, over- 
exertfon and care, there is no better medicine for re- 
lief and cure, than the pure air and sunshine of Florida, 
and while the climate and surrounding attractions are 
being enjoyed, one will gradually cast aside business 
cares and vexations, and under such atmospheric in- 
fluences, the invalid will gradually increase in health 
and strength, and the ovenvorked mind of the commer- 
cial man steadily recover its former healthfulness. 

For the benefit of our readers we present, on page 
5, a map of Florida, showing principally, the location 
of counties. 

GEOGRAPHY, POPULATION, ETC. 

Florida lies within 25 and 31 degrees north latitude, 
and 80 to 88 degrees longitude, west from Greenwich. 
It is in the same latitude with Northern Mexico, the 
Desert of Sahara, Central Arabia, Southern China and 
Northern Hindoostan. It is 400 miles in length; the 
extreme northern portion, from east to west, is about 
3^0 miles in width. The peninsula section has an 
average width of 90 miles. The State contains 59,260 



TMe: FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



COUNTY MAP OF FLORIDA. 




THE FLORIDA PAThPIN1>£R. 



square miles, or equal to 37,931,520 acres, and com- 
pared, in point of size, it is nearly as large as all the 
New England States. The extent of coast line is 
nearly 1,200 miles, a distance nearly equal, in a straight 
line, to that of from Portland, Me., to St. Augustine, 
Fla. The State, as a whole, is remarkably level — 
though the northwestern section is inclined to be roll- 
ing or hilly. According to the last census (1870) the 
f)opulatIon was 187,748. The present estimated popu- 
ation is, of white, 150,000, and colored, 120,000, a 
total of about 270,000 inhabitants. 

EXPEDITIONS TO FLORIDA. 

1497. — It is claimed by the English that during this 
year, Florida was discovered by Sebastian Cabot, who 
did not land, but merely sailed along the East coast. 

151 2. — Juan Ponce de Leon left Porto Rico in April 
in continuation of his search for the Fountain of 
Youth, and on the second day in that month — (which 
day being the Sunday before Easter, is called Palm 
Sunday, and which the Spaniards in those days called 
Pasqua Florida, or Flowery Easter, from the palm 
branches and flowers with which the churches are 
decorated on that day) — landed on the coast in 30 de- 
grees and 8 minutes north latitude, near the present 
site of St. Augustine, and gave the name of Florida 
to the country. 

15 16. — Diego Miruelo visited the Gulf Coast section 
and obtained pieces of gold from the Indians. 

15 1 7. — An expedition commanded by Fernandez de 
Cordova visited the country. 

15 19. — One Anton de Alaminos soon after visited 
the Gulf coast. 

152 1. — Ponce de Leon made his second visit to, the 
East coast. The Indians attacked his forces, killing 
great numbers. De Leon being wounded in the con- 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



flict was obliged to retreat to his ships. He set sail 
for Cuba, and soon after his arrival, died from the 
effect of his wounds. 

1528. — Panfilo de Narvaez landed at Clear Water 
Bay, near Tampa. He explored the northwestern 
section of the State, and becoming discouraged, he 
built several small boats and endeavored to reach 
Mexico. A sudden storm drove his boat to sea and he 
was never again heard of. Of the 300 who composed 
this expedition only four were known to have escaped ; 
among the number was Alvar Nunez Cabeca de Vaca, 
who succeeded in reaching Mexico, and from thence 
to Spain. 

1539. — Hernanao de Soto disembarked at Tampa 
Bay ; and traversed the northwest section of the State. 
He continued his researches far beyond the bounds of 
Florida into the valley of the Mississippi where he 
died, and was buried beneath its waters. The expedi- 
tion then wended its way down the Mississippi river 
to the Gulf of Mexico, and from thence to Mexico. Of 
the one thousand who four years previous had landed, 
only three hundred reached their destination. 

1545. — A treasure ship en route from New Mexico 
to Spain was wrecked on the eastern coast. 

1549. — Four Franciscan brothers landed at Tampa 
Bay, and were massacred by the Indians. 

1552. — About this period an entire Spanish fleet, ex- 
cepting one vessel, was wrecked on the Gulf Coast, 
while en route for Spain, from Havana. 

1559. — Don Tristan de Luna disembarked on the 
Gulf coast, with over fifteen hundred followers, but he 
soon abandoned the country. 

1562. — The French Protestants, or Huguenots, under 
Jean Ribaut, arrived on the coast, near St. Augustine. 
He continued north and disembarked near the mouth 
of the St. John's River, called by the Spanish at that 
time,St.Miatheo,and erected a stone landmark, bearing 



8 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

the French coat of arms. Continuing north he landed 
at Port Royal and endeavored to establish a colony. 
Having built Fort Charles, and leaving twenty-five 
men to garrison it, he returned to France. The colony 
being neglected and constrained by hunger, constructed 
a rude vessel and set sail for their country They suc- 
ceeded in their undertaking after havmg experienced 
terrible suffering. 

1564. — Rene de Laudonniere arrived at St. Augus- 
tine ; continuing North he landed at St. John's Bluft', 
on the St. John's River, and erected Fort Caroline 
where Jean Ribaut had previously erected his land- 
mark. 

1565. — August 29th, Jean Ribaut, who had pre- 
viously returned to France, arrived with his colony at 
Fort Caroline. 

1565. — Pedro Menendez de Aviles, arrived on the 
coast and established St. Augustine, about the same 
time that Ribaut arrived at Fort Caroline. MenenJez, 
upon hearing of the arrival of the French, set sail for 
the purpose of their extermination. He drove the 
French fleet from the coast and returned to St. Augus- 
tine, and immediately planned a land attack on Fort 
Caroline. Arriving early in the morning he attacked 
tlie fort and massacred nearly all its inmates. Lau- 
donniere with a few others escaped. Hanging several 
captives to a tree he placed above them this inscrip- 
tion : *'Not as Frenchmen, but as Lutherans." On 
the return of Menendez to St. Augustine a solemn 
mnss was celebrated and a Te Deum sung in com- 
memoration of the victory. Meanwhile a severe sturm 
overtook Jean Ribaut's fleet and all were wrecked at 
Matanzas, and subsequently cowardly butchered by 
Menendez, in squads often, w^ith their hands pinioned 
behind their backs. Thu>5, in all, nearly three hun- 
dred men met their death. 

1567. — Dominic de Gourgues, a Huguenot gentle- 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



man, arrived at Fort Caroline, and, with aid from the 
Indians, fully avenged the wickedness perpetrated by 
Menendez. Over the lifeless bodies of the Spanish, he 
wrote : '' Not as unto Spaniards or outcasts, but as to 
traitors, robbers and murderers." 

1586. — Sir Francis Drake made an attack on St. Au- 
gustine. He succeeded in plundering and burning the 
largest portion of the town, but failed to capture the fort. 

1598. — The Indians massacred several priests in 
and about St. Augustine. 

1665. — The pirate, John Davis, made a descent upon 
St. Augustme and pillaged the town. 

1702. — Governor Moore, of South Carolina, captured 
St. Augustine, and held the town for three months ; 
before he withdrew he burned it. He, however, failed 
to capture the fort. 

1740. — General Oglethorpe laid siege to the town. 
He planted his guns on Anastasia Island, also behind 
the sand hills on Point Qiiartell. After an unsuccess- 
ful attempt of forty days to capture the fort, he with- 
drew. He again in 1743 marched to the very gates of 
St. Augustine, but met with no better success. 

1763. — Spain ceded Florida to Great Britain. 

1766. — It was receded to Spain. 

1819. — Florida passed into the hands of the United 
States. The change of flags occurred in East Florida, 
at St. Augustine, July loth, 1821. 

1845. — Florida was admitted into the Union, as a 
State. 

CLIMATE. 

Florida possesses the most equable and salubrious 
climate, the year round, of any State in the Union ; and 
in this respect it is to America, what the South of 
France and Italy are to Europe — a refuge for those de- 
sirous of escaping the rigor of a Northern Winter. It 
is frequently remarked by tourists, that the climate of 



lO HE FLORIDA PATHFINDER 

Florida is superior to that of Nice or Florence, Italy, 
as the frequent sudden changes which occur at those 
places are unknown in Florida ; and the fact th.it the 
State can be reached within three or four days' travel, 
either by rail or water, is another decided advantage, 
especially to invalids. 

The climate is the principal attraction to visitors ; 
the Atlantic Ocean on the east and the Gulf of Mexico 
on the west, greatly modify the air that blows over 
the peninsula, making it cooler in Summer and warmer 
in Winter. Even in mid-summer the heat never 
reaches that extreme which is felt in higher latitudes, 
and during the year round it is the most agreeable and 
salubrious climate to be found on the globe. The 
thermometer rarely falls below 30 degrees in Winter, 
or rises above 90 degrees in the Summer. During the 
Winter, the atmosphere is always dry and elastic ; 
nearly six out of seven days are cloudless, and during 
the Summer, the nights are agreeably cool, it being 
rarely that one can sleep without the use of a blanket. 

As an evidence of the value of a Floridian climate 
for those suffering from pulmonary diseases, we pub- 
lish the census of 1870, giving the number of deaths 
occurring from consumption, in the several States ; and, 
notwithstanding the fact that Florida is visited by thou- 
sands of consumptives, the proportion of deaths is less 
than any other locality in the United States. r 

Massachusetts 

Maine 

New York.. . 
California. . . 
Vermont. ... 



Ohio one in 507 

Virginia " '' 585 

Indiana '' " 599 

Illinois " " 698 

Florida " *' 1,433 

It is an undisputed fact that the State contains much 
swampy land, and wherever there exists a dense, fresh 
water growth of vegetation accompanied by decomposi- 
tion, malarious diseases generally follow, but in this case 



one in 


283 


U Ik 


315 


a n 


379 


it (( 


450 


H l( 


463 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. II 

the excellent sea breezes which sweep from ocean to 
gulf, at least during the Winter season, from October to 
May, clear the atmosphere and purge it of its evil 
effects. 

SOIL AND PRODUCTION. 

Florida lands are classed as high and low hummock 
pine and swamp. The high hummock land is covered 
with a growth of underbrush. The low hummock land 
is the same as the high land excepting that it has 
much heavier growth of underbrush and requires 
a little draining. It is adapted to the growth of cane. 
The high hummocks are composed of very rich soil, 
and produce, with very little cultivation, all the crops 
of the country ; and merely require clearing and 
ploughing. The price varies from fifty cents to twenty- 
five dollars per acre, according to location. 

Pine land is that which bears the pine trees, and is 
frequently covered with underbrush, and is suitable for 
raising cotton. The poorer classes of pine land are 
considered valuable for the raising of Sisal hemp ; they 
afford good range for cattle. Prices, according to lo- 
cation, from seveny-five cents to ten dollars per acre. 

On the St. John's and Indian River sections, unim- 
proved land may be obtained at from $5 to $20 per 
acre, while improved lands command from $25 to $40 
per acre. Land possessing orange groves in bearing 
costs from $50 to $300 per acre, and when located near 
a settlement commands much higher prices. 

Of the fruits successfully cultivated in the localities 
especially adapted for their production, we mention 
the orange, lemon, banana, fig, plum, pomegranate, 
guava, tamarind, date, plantain, almond, pecan, peach, 
grape, pine-apple, citron, cocoa-nut, watermelon, can- 
telope, strawberries ; also every variety of garden vege- 
tables. Spanish tobacco, sugar and hemp have been 
cultivated with much profit. Cotton is the principal 



12 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

production in the northern portion of the State. Peas, 
;.. tomatoes and other vegetables are extensively shipped 
l.to northern markets. Arrowroot, the castor bean and 
indigo are easily raised. Andrew TurnbuU, when 
located at New Smyrna, produced large quantities 
of indigo, which was sold at great profit. The mul- 
berry tree flourishes. 

At present the cultivation of the orange receives the 
principal attention. The Florida orange is admitted 
by all fruit dealers to be the finest that reaches the 
market. During the past few years millions of orange 
trees have been set out in the several orange sections. 

SPORTING FACILITIES. 

Apart from the charms of its climate the State offers 
to those whose tastes lead them to the forest and stream 
the most gratifying opportunities. The forests and 
swamps abound in innumerable species of game, whilst 
the lagoons, rivers and bays fairly swarm with almost 
every conceivable variety of fish and water fowl. 
East Florida, alone, is abundantly provided in this 
respect, and hundreds of sportsmen may be found 
camping along the shores of the lagoons and bays, pay- 
ing their respects to the varied description of game 
which haunt the woods, air and waters of the Indian 
river and other localities. Deer are plentiful through- 
out the year, but are smaller than the Northern varie- 
ties. Much deer-hunting is done on horseback. The 
native swamp ponies dash through the palmetto scrub 
with surprising speed and facility. Excellent guides, 
dogs and horses may be obtained at St. Augustine, 
Fort Orange, New Smyrna, and Titusville. Wild 
cats are quite plenty and at times a fierce puma is to 
be found. The wild cats weigh from eighteen to 
thirty pounds. The pumas are nearly as large and 
dangerous as Bengal tigers. A puma was shot a few 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 1 3 

miles west of Elbow creek which measured nine feet 
and four inches from tip to tip, and weighed 240 

- pounds. Numbers of these beasts have been shot not 
far from the Jupiter Inlet lighthouse. Bears are met 
with in December. During January and February 
they are in Winter quarters, but during the months of 

-March, April and May they go in numbers in search 
of turtle eggs on the beach. They are the common 
black or cinnamon bears, the kind so familiar to Rocky 
Mountain hunters. Gray, black and fox squirrels, 
coon and oppossums abound in the woods. 

In February and March duck shooting is in full sea- 
son and affords fine sport. They include the following 
varieties: teal, mallard, stray widgeon, baldpates and 
the large black English duck. Qiiail and wild turkey 
may be found in almost any part of the State. Alliga- 
tors are found in nearly all the streams, though they 
are more plentiful on the Ocklawaha and upper St. 
John's river, the southern lakes and Everglades. Some 
are of enormous size, ranging from twelve to even 
twenty feet in length. Among the birds of beautiful 
plumage which people the woods and wing the waters 
of the Indian river section are white herons, Spanish 
curlew, sicklebills, gray pelicans, oyster birds, shear- 
waters, majors, eagles, snake birds, ivory-bills, paro- 
quets, doves, chickwills, men-of-war-hawks, ibises, 
gannets, cormorants, white owls, and king vultures. 
The fishing in the bays and lagoons is not excelled in 
any part of the globe, for variety, size and excellence 
of flavor. The leading game fish is the channel bass ; 
they range in weight from two to forty-eight pounds. 
St. Augustine, Matanzas, and New Smyrna are the 
favorite resorts of these fish. On the Atlantic coast 
are also sheephead, salt w^ater trout, whitings, group- 
ers, snappers, kingfish, crookers, and other species 
too numerous to mention. In Mr. Charles Hallock's 
work entitled the Sportsman' s Gazeteer^ there will 



14 THE F1.0RIDA PATHFINDER. 

be found, in connection with this State, much valuable 
information concerning the choice hunting and fishing 
grounds, and the numerous varieties of game to be 
secured. 

At St. Augustine, w^hich is the sportsman's head- 
quarters, excursion parties are formed for the purpose 
of visiting Matanzas and thence southward, where 
plenty of hunting and fishing sport can be obtained. 

EXPENSE OF A TRIP TO FLORIDA. 

Parties contemplating a trip to this State and desir- 
ous of obtaining some idea concerning the expense of 
a trip there and back, also other expenses incurred, can 
obtain some idea of the cost by giving this guide their 
careful perusal. 

The following estimate of expenses for one month 
is neither extravagant, nor put at the lowest possible 
cost, but more of an intermediate figure : 

All Rail Ticket, New York to Jacksonville.. . $33.40 

Return Ticket, via Steamships 25.00 

Meals on railroad, going South, 3 days, 75 cts. 6.75 

Sleeping car, berths 3 nights, about $3 each. . 6.00 

Three weeks' hotel board at $iS,oo 54.00 

Miscellaneous expenses 20.00 

Total cost of one month's visit to Florida. .. . $145.15 

With $200, a person, with a little economy and pre- 
viously being ^'posted," can spend from six to eight 
weeks in Florida with no little instruction and gratifi- 
cation. The prices given for rail and steamship tickets 
are liable to change. 

THE PRINCIPAL SPRINGS. 

Sulphur Spring, at Green Cove Spring, Clay Co. 
It is about 35 feet deep and discharges over 3,000 gal- 
lons per minute. Fine facilities are atibrded for bathing. 



THE FT.ORIDA PATHFINDER. 1 5 

Orange Spring, Marion Co., located on Orange 
Creek, which empties into the Ocklawaha river. 

The celebrated Silver Spring, in Marion Co., on the 
Ocklawaha river. This spring covers several acres 
and forms a river of itself. Another Silver Spring, in 
the same county, is located on the west bank of Lake 
George. 

Blue Spring, Volusia Co., a few miles north of En- 
terprise, on the east bank of the St. John's, is the largest 
in the State. It forms a wide river of itself, as clear 
as crystal ; one can readily observe the movements of 
the fish below. 

Green Sulphur Spring, Enterprise, is about 80 feet 
in diameter, and said to be fully 100 feet deep. 

On the west shore of Lake Jessup, there are several 
large sulphur springs. Boats drawing over three feet 
of water cannot enter the lake. 

In the centre of the St. John's river, toward Lake 
Harney, there boils up a tremendous spring. It has 
been sounded to the depth of nearly 300 feet and no 
foundation touched. 

Ponce de Leon Spring, St. John's Co., is located on 
the new settlement of Ravenswood, just west of St. 
Augustine, and is used for its health-giving properties. 

Boiling Ocean Spring, south-eastern part of Anasta- 
sia Island, just north of Matanzas Inlet. This is a 
volume of fresh water which issues with great force. 
It no doubt finds its way through a iubterranean passage, 
the outlet of which is beneath the Atlantic ocean 

THE OCKLAWAHA RIVER. 

This river rises in Lake Apopka and flows north- 
ward through Lakes Dora, Eustice, Harris, and 
Griffin. Silver Spring was once the head of navi- 
gation, but steamers now run as far as Okahumkee. 
Twenty-five miles above Palatka, just opposite Welaka, 



i6 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



the Ocklawaha empties into the St. John's river. 
The entrance is extremely narrow, and for miles the 
channel possesses no banks, it being simply a naviga- 
ble passage through a lonesome, dismal, 3et romantic 
cypress swamp. Here alligators of immense size, 
and many species of birds with beautiful plumage may 
be seen. Small steamers navigate the river a distance 
of 170 miles. Silver Spring, the principal landing, is 
109 miles from its mouth. A trip up this stream is 
decidedly an odd, yet a grand one, and tourists should 
not fail to make it an object of visit. The following is 
a list of the principal landings on this stream, and 
showmg the distance from the St. John's river. 



Fort Brook 35 



lola, 

Eureka 

Sandy BUiir. 

Palmetto Landing. 

Gores 

Durisoe 

Graham 



50 
60 
6S 
7S 
S3 
S9 
94 



Delk's Bluft' 100 

Silver vSpring 109 

Sharp's Ferry 114 

Moss Blufl\ 140 

Stark's Landing 155 

Lake Griffin 160 

Lake Eustice 165 

Leesburg 1 70 



ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

This grand sheet of water is created by the overflow 
of the numerous springs and swamps in the Southern 
portion of the State ; it flows, unlike any other river 
in the United vStates, directly North for over three hun- 
dred miles, wdien turning abruptly to the east, it 
empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Its whole course 
traverses through an extremely level country^ Many 
portions of the river are six miles wide, and north of 
Lake George no part is less than one mile in width ; 
at Palatka the river becomes narrower. The St. John's 
river is credited w^ith carrying a larger volume of 
winter than the Rio Grande, which river is one thousand 
miles long, and in point of width the St. John's river 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. I7 

is the largest in America. There are but a few streams 
in the world that present a more tropical appearance 
along their entire course. 

The many cozy retreats located upon the banks of 
the St. John's are of universal attraction, and during 
the Winter season thousands of tourists from every 
section are here to be found, forgetful of all business 
cares, enjoying the pleasures of the trip and compli- 
menting the salubrity of the Florida climate. 

Many of the tributaries of the stream are navigable 
to a considerable distance by small steamboats. It is 
estimated that the St. John's river and its navigable 
branches afford one thousand miles of water trans- 
portation. The means of transportation on the stream 
are easy and comfortable. Large steamers ascend 
as far as Palatka, from which point smaller steamers 
continue to Enterprise, and up the Ocklawaha river 
and other sections of interest to the tourist. Numer- 
ous small steamers ply directly between Jacksonville 
and points of interest on the tributaries of the St. John's. 

On the banks of the St. John's are to be seen many 
fine orange groves bedecked with the golden fruit ; 
one may also observe the Magnolia, Pride of India, 
the Pine and other species of trees festooned with long 
skeins of moss gracefully descending and nearly touch- 
ing the water's edge ; to witness this sight and to feel 
and inhale the soft balmy breezes, scented with the 
odor of the Magnolia and yellow Jessamine, is a coin- 
cidence not presented by any other section of the 
United States. There is a charm attached to the inci- 
dents of a trip upon this sheet of water — apparently a 
succession of lakes — that one will not soon forget, es- 
pecially when contrasted with a Winter trip upon the 
Hudson with its cold, bleak winds. 

The waters of this stream, including nearly all the 
rivers in the State, are of a coffee color, and slightly 
brackish in taste. 



t8 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



LOWER ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 




THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



UPPER ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 




PALATKA _ 

Hart's Orange Grove 

PUTNAM c o^SoRawlestown 



Whitney"! M»p , 
^G-^^2^ of the Upper -3^ 

ST.JOHN'S RIVER 



Fi.h t Sit, N. 7, 



20 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



POINTS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

Showing distances from Jacksonville. Sailing south 
is termed going up the river. Points marked with a 
star * are on the right going up. 

MILES. 

Arlington 2 

St. Nicholas 2 

Riverside * 3 

Black Point* 10 



Read's Landing* 13 

^Mandarin 15 

Fruit Cove 19 

Ilibernia* 22 

New Switzerland 23 

Rcmmington Park. ... 25 

]\lagnolia* 28 

Green Cove Spring*.. .30 

Orange Dale 34 

Hogarth's Landing. . . .36 

Picolata 45 

Tocoi 52 

Federal Point 

Oran<re ISIills 



60 

Dancy's Wharf 65 

Whetstone* 

Russell's Landing. . . 

Palatka* 

Hart's Orange Grove 

Rollestown 

San Mateo 80 

Bulfalo Bluft'* SS 

94 



69 

75 

,76 

7S 



Horse Landing 



MILES. 

Ocklawaha River. ... 100 

Welaka 100 

Beechcr loi 

Orange Point 103 

Mt. ttoyal 109 

Fort Gates* no 

G eorgetown 117 

Benella 120 

Lake View 132 

Volusia 137 

Fort Butler* 13S 

Orange Bluff 140 

Hawkinsville* 160 

Cabbage Bluff 162 

Lake Beresford 165 

Blue Spring 172 

Wekiva 1S4 

Shell Bank 193 

Sanford* 199 

jNIellonville * 200 

Fort Reid* 203 

Enterprise 205 

Cook's Ferry 224 

Lake Flarney 225 

Sallie's- Camp 229 

Salt Lake 270 

Indian River 276 



RESORTS ON THE ST. JOHN'S RIVER. 

Mandarin, the first point of especial attraction on 
the river, is a village of about 250 inhabitants. It is 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 21 

one of the oldest settlements on the river. During the 
Indian wars, the Seminoles visited it and massacred 
all within its limits. Here is located the Winter resi- 
dence of Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe ; it is the cottage 
at the left of the wharf, almost obscured by the foliage 
of the large oak and other trees. 

Hibernia is a pleasant resort located upon the op- 
posite bank of the river. It is quite a resort for invalids. 
The country about abounds in groves of oaks, etc. 

Magnolia, one of the most pleasant resorts to be 
found on the St. John's, is well patronized, by North- 
ern visitors. Black Creek is but a short distance to 
the north of this point. It is navigable for small boats 
as far as Middleburg. 

Green Cove Spring, two miles south of the above 
point, is one of the most extensively patronized resorts 
on the river. The sulphur spring is one of its attrac- 
tions ; the temperature of the water is about 78 degrees, 
and it is clear as crystal. Its sulphurous condition is 
quite distinguishable by taste and odor. The water is 
said to be very valuable for its medicinal properties. 

Picolata is ten miles from the above point, on the 
opposite shore. It is the site of an ancient Spanish 
fort and settlement, all evidence of which is destroyed. 
Two centuries and a half ago the Franciscan friars 
erected here a church and monastery. Picolata is one 
of the earliest Spanish settlements in America. Under 
Spanish dictation it boasted of more than one hundred 
dwellings and shops. It was the main artery of sup- 
ply for the settlements on the St. John's river, and 
localities westward. All merchandise of export, in- 
cluding sugar, indigo, furs and fruits, were here col- 
lected and sent over to St. Augustine, and thence to Spain. 
Opposite Picolata, on the west bank, are the remains 
of Fort Poppa, built of earthwork during the Spanish 
era. Before the completion of the St. John's wooden 
tramway, in 1870-71, Picolata presented quite a lively 



22 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

appearance, as passengers for St. Augustine were here 
transferred and conveyed across the country by stage. 

Tocoi. At this point visitors are transferred to St. 
Augustine. Trains complete the trip, a distance of 
fifteen miles, in about thirty-five minutes. We are 
doing tourists a favor when we advise them, by all 
means, to visit this very interesting city, thfe Newport 
of Florida, where, during the Winter season, yacht- 
racing, rowing-matches, pigeon-shooting, and other 
amusements are indulged in. 

Orange Mills is pleasantly located on the east bank. 
It has post office, boarding and other facilities. 

Palatka is the largest town on the river south of 
Jacksonville. It is an admirable location for consump- 
tives. It has a population of about 1,400. The town 
is nearly one-half mile in length, and commands an 
extensive back country trade. It possesses postal, 
telegraphic and good hotel facilities, churches, etc. 
The larger steamers make this point their terminus. 
Small steAmers run to Dunn's Lake ; to the upper St. 
John's ; also up the Ocklawaha river, etc., etc. There 
are also other steamers which ply directly between 
Jacksonville and other special points of interest. The 
Eastern Herald is the name of a wide-awake weekly 
journal published by Mr. Pratt. 

San Mateo is a thriving settlement, on an elevated 
location, five miles south of Palatka on the opposite 
bank. It possesses two churches, post office and 
boarding facilities. 

Welaka is twenty -five miles above Palatka, oppo- 
site the entrance of the Ocklawaha river. It is the site 
of an old Indian village, and afterward of a flourishing 
Spanish settlement. South of Welaka, the river grad- 
ually expands and forms Lake George. 

Volusia is five and a half miles from Lake View. 
It is the site of a Spanish city long ago obliterated by 
war. The present village contains about six hundred 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 23 

inhabitants, and was settled in 1818. It was once the 
principal point on the line of travel between vSt. Augus- 
tine and the Mosquito Inlet country, on the Atlantic 
coast. 

Lake George is eighteen miles long and twelve 
miles wide. The largest of the many beautiful 
islands in this lake is called Rembert Island, which 
contains 1,700 acres, with a fine orange grove upon it. 
The lake is thickly tenanted by varieties of fish, and 
waterfowl are abundant in the vicinity. 

Alexander's Landing, on Lake Beresford, an inlet 
on the St. John's river, is a landing place for the set 
tiers in that vicinity. It possesses school and church 
facilities, and fine orange groves. Its post office is 
located at Cabbage Bluff", more recently styled Palm 
Landing. 

Sanford is located on Lake Monroe, about one mile 
north of Mellonvilleo Its success as a resort is due to 
H. S. Sanford, Esq. In the Summer of 1875 he caused 
to be erected the *' Sanford House," which is elegantly 
fitted up. Besides all kinds of fruits, the lake is abun- 
dantly supplied with fish and game. As a health- 
conducive locality, it is unsurpassed on the river. 

Mellonville is the sight of Fort Mellen, erected 
during the Indian wars. In the vicinity are several 
fine orange groves. It possesses hotel and boarding 
facilities. Its post office is located at Sanford. Lake 
Monroe, upon which this point is situated, is five miles 
w4de and twelve miles long. 

Blue Spring is but a short distance north of Enter- 
prise. It is a wood station for the steamers that ply 
in this section Near by is the famous spring whence 
it derives its name. It is one of the largest springs in 
Florida, being a quarter of a mile long, one hundred 
feet wide, eighty feet deep and forms a considerable 
stream, large enough, near the river, to float a steamer. 
It is an interesting sight to look over the steamer's side 



24 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

into the crystal-like water and observe the movements 
of the various species of fishes below^ in their every- 
day life. Blue Spring is a stopping place for Orange 
City, 

Enterprise is a well-patronized resort located on 
the east bank of Lake Monroe, opposite Mellonville 
and Sanford. It is the terminus of the Palatka boats. 
The town possesses good hotel, stores, post office and 
other facilities. About one mile north of the town is 
the Green Sulphur Spring, the water of which is a 
delicate green color, and ofttimes quite transparent. 
The spring is eighty feet in diameter and fully one 
hundred feet deep. It is worthy a visit. Enterprise 
is well patronized by the sporting fraternity. Twelve 
miles from Enterprise, on the New Smyrna road, there 
is a good relay point for sportsmen. Snipe, turkey and 
deer can be found here in abundance. Stages connect 
New Smyrna and the Indian river with Enterprise. 

Lakes Jessup and Harney. These lakes, in- 
cluding Salt Lake, are considered fine hunting grounds, 
especially for duck shooting. During the Winter 
season a small steamer leaves Enterprise, passing 
through Lake Jessup to Lake Harney. The time oc- 
cupied in making the circuit is about tv\^elve hours. 
Lake Jessup is five miles wide and seventeen miles 
long. Boats drawing over three feet of water cannot 
enter this lake. It is very rarely that tourists ascend 
beyond Lake Harney. Boats of extremely light draft 
may continue into Salt Lake, which is the nearest point 
to the Indian river from the St. John's. At Enterprise 
parties are furnished with conveyance to reach New^ 
Smyrna and the Indian river. From St. Augustine, 
also, excursions are made in yachts to the Indian river 
— the sportsman's paradise for game and fish. 

Crescent City. This new and thriving settlement 
of about forty inhabitants is located on Dunn's Lake — 
now called Lake Crescent, about twenty-five miles 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 25 

south from Palatka. Dunn's Creek — now called Deep 
river — connects this lake with the St. John's. The 
lake is about four miles wide and twenty miles long. 
During the Winter the several settlements on the bor- 
ders of this lake are in direct communication with 
Jacksonville and Palatka. Stages run from Crescent 
City to New Britain and Daytona. 

HALIFAX AND INDIAN RIYER SECTION. 

Matanzas, This new settlement is located about 
eighteen miles south of St. Augustine. During the Sum- 
mer of 1876 a hotel was erected here for the accommo- 
dation of the many excursion parties which visited it 
from St. Augustine. This section is considered an ex- 
cellent hunting and fishing ground. Here, located 
on a small marsh island are the remains of a coquina 
structure, probably used as a lookout and fort combined. 
It was possibly constructed by Menendez, soon after his 
arrival and founding of St. Augustine. It is notable 
in history, as being the locality where the cruel Menen- 
dez butchered nearly 300 Huguenots in squads of tens, 
with their arms pinioned behind their backs. The 
series of massacres occurred on the most extreme point 
of Anastasia Island, though it is probable that time 
and tide have destroyed the precise locality where the 
remains originally laid. 

New Britain. This settlement on the Halifax 
river, fifteen miles from Mosquito Inlet, originated in 
1873 with a colony of mechanics from New Britain, 
Conn. The village is situated on a sloping bank of 
the river, six miles from its head. The river at this 
pointis half a mile wide. There is no hotel here, but 
good board may be obtained at private houses. 

Daytona is located five miles south of New Britain, 
on the Halifax river, and ten miles north of Mosquito 
Inlet. Palms, oaks, mulberry, hickory, and other 



26 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

forest trees line the river at this point, giving the place 
a romantic and picturesque beauty. The river here is 
three-fourths of a mile wide. The shell road of the 
peninsula, opposite, is known as Silver beach. There 
are about three hundred inhabitants. Daytona pos- 
sesses a good hotel, and boarding houses, store, post 
office, and other facilities. 

Port Orange is located six miles south 'of Day- 
tona and four miles north of Mosquito Inlet, on the 
west bank of the Halifax river. It possesses hotel, 
store, school, church, town hall, and post office facili- 
ties. Nearly all the residents have fine orange groves. 
Further south is another settlement, but Port Orange 
is their post office, at present. 

New Smyrna is located upon Hillsborough river, 
three miles south of Mosquito Inlet, near the coast. It is 
abouttwenty miles from Enterprise and aboutsixty miles 
south of St. Augustine. In 1767 Andrew Turnbull 
arrived at the coast with his colony of 1,500 Minorcans 
and, in consideration of his wife being a native of 
Smyrna, Asia, he gave the same name to this settle- 
ment. Large crops of indigo were cultivated, which 
proved quite profitable. At that time the Florida in- 
digo commanded the highest price of any sold in the 
English market. In 1772 there were 40,000 pounds 
exported. The colonists remained until 1776 ; not be- 
ing treated according to contract, they lett the settle- 
ment and located at St. Atigustine. The dense hum- 
mocks for miles around show how vast the plantations 
were, time not having destroyed the long rows, turn- 
pikes, or old canals. The present population of New 
Smyrna is about 200. There is a very good hotel at 
this point, also post office, store and other facilities. 
Two stages per week from Enterprise, and the steamer 
" Border City " will make semi-weekly trips to Jack- 
sonville and St. Augustine ; also three sailing vessels 
make weekly trips between here and Jacksonville. 



The FLORIDA PATHFINDER, 2^ 

Titusville was formerly called Sand Point. It is 
located on the west bank of the Indian river, about 
thirty-five miles south of Mosquito inlet, and nearly 
opposite Merritt's Island. The town possesses 200 
inhabitants, two hotels, store, post office and other 
facilities. Titusville is the terminus of the Lake Har- 
ney and Titusville Railroad. Mr. S J. Fox, the con- 
tractor and owner of the road, resides here. 

Harry ville is six miles back of Titusville. A board- 
ing* house kept by John Henry affords accommodation 
at this point. 

City Point is situated fifteen miles south of Titus- 
ville. It contains some twenty-five families scattered 
along the banks of the river Board may be obtained 
in private families. 

Georgiana, a settlement at Merritt's Island, thirty- 
five miles from Titusville. Considerable attention is 
being paid to pine-apple culture with very successful 
results. 

Hau Gallie is finely located on the main land ten 
miles below Georgiana. The State Agricultural Col- 
lege is a<- this place. Excellent hunting may be had 
all through this section. 

Routes of Travel. — All of the above places can 
be reached by the following routes : By steamboat up 
the St John's to Enterprise, thence by stage to New 
Smyrna, from this point by the mail or other boats ; 
or, by sail from Jacksonville, outside route, to New 
Smyrna and places on the Halifax ; or, by steamboat 
to Crescent City, thence by stage to the Halifax. As 
soon as the Lake Harney & Titusville Railroad is com- 
pleted, passage can be taken by a steamer at Jackson* 
ville for Lake Harney, thence by rail to Titusville, 
also by steamer *' Border City " from Jacksonville to 
New Smyrna, stopping at St. Augustine en route, 

Miami is at the northern point of Biscayne Bay, 
near the river of the same name* It is a thriving set- 



28 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER' 

tlement of about 200 families, and is gradually grow- 
ing. Board may be obtained at fifty cents per day. 
From Key West, a schooner visits the section once in 
every two weeks. A Florida correspondent gives the 
following means of communication between St. Lucie 
and Biscayne Bay : '' In a season of floods, miles and 
miles of this region are submerged, and what at other 
times is a wilderness of grassy desert then becomes a 
sea of water, and one may journey from the St. Lucie 
river to Lake Okeechobee and to the Big Cypress and 
thence to Biscayne bay and back to St. Lucie in a sail- 
boat. Through all this vast region, flowers bloom as 
bright and gay as in the conservatory ; birds sing as 
sweetly as if hung in gilded cages ; the deer and the 
panther wander at will ; the rattlesnake and the moc- 
cassin here abound undisturbed by civilzied man ; the 
crocodile of the Indus and Nile dwells unmolested ; 
and the laws of God are as fixed and immutable in the 
trackless desert of the Everglades of Flo*-'da as in any 
part of the civilized world." 

Biscayne Bay is a fine harbor for vessels drawing 
less than ten feet of water. It can be entered with 
safety at all times. During the year thousands of dol- 
lars' worth of sponges are shipj^ed from this section. 
This part of the State is overrun with almost every 
variety of game. 

A TRIP TO THE INDIAN RIVER. 

The sail from St. Augustine to Matanzas occupies 
about six hours. At this point good fishing and hunt- 
ing may be obtained. During the Summer of 1S76 a 
hotel was built here for the accommodation of the fre- 
quent excursionist from St. Augustine. About six or 
seven miles to the south occurs the "' haulover " — where 
boat and utensils are all hauled over a distance of about 
eight miles, to the starting point on the Halifax river,. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 29 

upon reaching which, clear sailing is obtained through 
to Jupiter Inlet, the most extreme southern point of 
this grand lagoon. 

The first settlement passed on this lagoon is New 
Britain, then come Daytona, Port Orange, Allandale, 
Halifax City ; after passing Mosquito Inlet, you enter 
the Hillsborough river, and soon arrive at New 
Smyrna where plenty of hunting and fishing sport may 
be had. At this place very g^ood accommodation may 
be had at the Ocean House, kept by E. K. Lowd, whose 
charges are $3 pel day, and for two weeks and over 
$14 per week. Continuing south you pass the Sister 
Islands, and also the mysterious Turtle Mound, a silent 
relic of an unknown age and an extinct people. A 
little to the south you pass Oak Hill, and later on you 
near the entrance of the Haulover canal which gives 
entrance into the Indian river. This canal is cut through 
a stratum of coquina rock. The strange umbrella 
tree marks its route. Two miles to the southeast is 
the famous Dummett orange grove, while nearly oppo- 
site the mouth of the canal, located on Indian river, is 
the new settlement of Aurantia. At Tilusville a 
good hotel is kept by Colonel Titus. 

Further south, to the east is Banana river, where fine 
duck shooting may be had. Further on you cross New 
Found Harbor and stop at Dr. Wittfeld's hotel, terms 
$2.50 per day, and $I3 per week. In this vicinity is 
located City Point ; and still further southward is the 
settlement of Georgiana. At the lower end of Mer- 
ritt's Island is one of the finest camping grounds in 
Eastern Florida. Eau Gallic is nearly opposite. Con- 
tinuing south. Crane and Turkey creeks are passed, 
and St. Sebastian riverwith its bluffs is reached. About 
fifteen miles south of this point are Fort Capron, Fort 
Pierce, Indian River Inlet, and St. Lucie. This sec- 
tion abounds in game and fish. At Fort Capron, Cap- 
tain Payne will furnish good accommodations at $3 



30 THE FLORIDA 1»ATHF1NDER. 

per day and $15 per week. About four hours sail 
brings you to Jupiter Inlet, the end of the journey, and 
if you are disposed to go still further southward, you 
enter the Everglades, and pursue your varied journey 
to Lake Worth ; and should you be of a penetrating 
turn of mind you now have a good opportunity to enter 
where few men have tread and explore the famous 
Lake Okeechobee. 

TALLAHASSEE. 

The capital of Florida, is situated on the line of the 
Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile Railroad, about 
165 miles from Jacksonville. The surrounding coun- 
try is inclined to be rolling. In the vicinity are several 
lakes which afford, during the proper season, consid- 
erable sport to the tourist. During the Summer the 
wealthy inhabitants of this section visit Fort George 
Island and St. Augustine for health and recreation. 
Tallahassee has a population of about 2,000. 

LAKE CITY. 

It is locate'' on the Jacksonville, Pensacola and Mobile 
Railroad, .143' nine miles from Jacksonville. It derives 
its name from the many lakes that exist in the imme- 
diate vicinity. The town proper is situated a short 
distance back from the depot and possesses several 
good boarding establishments. 

FERNANDINA. 

Fernandina was built in 1632 by the Spaniards ; it is 
located on Amelia Island about fifty miles north of Jack- 
sonville. Present population about 1,300. There are 
seven churches, hotels, etc. There is a fine shell road, 
of about two miles in length, leading to the hard ocean 
beach, which affords a fine drive of nearly twenty 
miles. Located on the north pomt of Amelia Island; 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 3 1 

and uncompleted, is Fort Clinch. The city has tele- 
graphic and post office order facilities Fernandina 
is accessible by rail and water. The harbor is so 
capacious, that during the war of 1 812 over three hun- 
dred square-rigged vessels were anchored in its waters 
at one time. Vessels drawing twenty feet can cross 
its bar at high tide. Dungeness, the seat of General 
Nathaniel Greene, is located a few miles distant. On 
the beach about half a mile from the mansion is the 
grave of General Henry Lee, of Virginia, the famous 
" Light Horse Harry" of the Revolution. 

JACKSONVILLE. 

It is the county seat of Duval County, the commer- 
cial metropolis of Florida, and the largest city on the 
Atlantic coast south of Savannah. 

It is an enterprising ar d prosperous city ; its present 
population is about 13,000. It was laid out as a town 
in 1822 ; its first building was constructed of pine logs, 
covered over with cypress bark. The city is situated 
on the St. John's river, about twenty-five miles from 
the ocean, and is named in honor of General Andrew 
Jackson. Bay street is the commercial th'J "^nghfare. 
The commerce of the city is extensive. '"xLoaxiing out 
of the town are fine shell roads which afford delightful 
drives. All the streets are wide and spacious, and are 
'aid out at right angles. 

There are eight churches of the different denomina- 
tions ; Masonic and other lodges ; a well-organized 
Fire Department; first -class hotels; three newspaper 
publications ; public hall, library, etc. 

An enormous business is the cutting and shipping of 
the Florida Pine ; the mills are kept in constant opera- 
tion during the year ; frequently the river is dotted with 
foreign and home vessels awaiting their turn to be sup- 
plied. The banking facilities are oflered by the First 
National Bank of Florida and Ambler's Bank 



32 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



The city possesses telegraphic facilities to all parts 
of the United States. Steamers for all points on the 
St. John's river, connecting at Tocoi with railroad to 
St. Au<?iistine, leave Jacksonville every morning. Ad- 
jacent to Jacksonville are the following comparatively 
new^ settlements : East Jacksonville, Brooklyn, Spring- 
field, etc., while across the river are Riverside, Ar- 
lington, St. Nicholas, South Shore, and Alexandria. 
Jacksonville possesses several points of interest which 
are worthy of a visit. 

WALDO. 

Waldo is eighty-four miles from Jacksonville and 
seventy miles from Cedar Keys. Population about 200. 
Santa Fe Lake, a lari:^e body of water which afibrds 
excellent facilities for boating and fishing, is about two 
miles distant. About six miles from Waldo there is 
a natural sink in the land, covering about two acres. 
A stream runs into it continually, and yet there is no 
visible outlet. The Santa Fe River disappears several 
miles from the village, and flows under ground, thus 
forming a natural bridge. 

GAINESVILLE. 

This is a thriving town of about 1,500 inhabitants, 
located on the Atlantic, Gulf and West India Transit 
Railroad, about eighty-five miles from Jacksonville. 
The town contains churches of the several denomina- 
tions, two newspapers, and good hotel accommoda- 
tions. From this point passengers are conveyed by 
stage to Tampa and other sections. 

OCALA. 

Ocala is the county seat of Marion Co., located five 
miles from Silver Spring, west of the Ocklawaha river 
and is reached from the latter place by carriages. The 
town contains 600 inhabitants, and possesses good 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 33 

stores, post office, school, church and boarding facili- 
ties. It is a good hunting locality for small game. 

BROOKSYILLE. 

Brooksville is fifty miles from Tampa. It is the 
county seat of Hernando County. The town is pleas- 
antly situated on a hill and contains about one hun- 
dred inhabitants. It has post office, store, boarding 
house and other facilities. 

CEDAR KEYS. 

This point, the terminus of the Atlantic, Gulf and 
West India Transit Railroad, is 136 miles from Jack- 
sonville. Its population is about 700. A regular line 
of steamers departs every Saturday for New^ Orleans 
and Havana, also a semi-weekly line for Tampa, Char- 
lotte Harbor, Manatee, Key West, etc. Cedar Keys 
is situated on a fine bay, which affords excellent facili- 
ties for bathing, boating and fishing. It possesses, 
also, very good hotel accommodations. 

TAMPA. 

Tampa is a neat town possessing about 500 inhabi- 
tants and commands an extensive back country trade. 
A line of stages connects tri-weekly with Gainesville ; 
also a line of schooners affords direct communication 
with New Orleans. A short distance from the town 
are earthworks built by the Indians during the Semi- 
nole war, and subsequently repaired during the late 
war. Originally, it may have been the site of a fort 
erected durmg the Spanish era. The present dilapi- 
dated fort and barracks are located upon a hill which 
gradually ascends back of the town and forms a bluff 
which overlooks and commands the bay. One of the 
finest live oak groves in the South is located here. 
Tampa^Bay offers a fine harbor for the largest vessels. 



34 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

The bay is about thirty-five miles long Toward the 
interior it divides into two branches, called Little 
Tampa Bay and Hillsborough Bay. This sheet of 
water is dotted over with innumerable islands of all 
sizes. Tampa Bay contains enormous quantities of 
fish and turtle. The suiTOunding country is well 
stocked with game. 

CHARLOTTE HARBOR. 

This is a body of water nearly fifteen miles wide 
and about thirty miles long. The harbor and sur- 
rounding water connections ofier superior induce- 
ments to the fisherman ; whilst the country about 
is one of the finest in the State for hunting deer and 
other game. It is reached by steamer from Cedar 
Keys ; also sailing vessels ply between it and Tampa 
Upon an island in this harbor there is a chain, or suc- 
cession of Indian mounds, systematically walled up with 
conch shells. Relics of old ramrods, ancient brass 
gun mountings, Indian arrow-heads, beads and pottery, 
also a small silver bell, of a rich, delicate tone, were 
dug from one of these mounds. 

PUNTA RASSA. 

Punta Rassa is thirty-five miles from Fort Myers, on 
the Caloosahatchee river. A regular line of steamers, 
which ply between Cedar Keys and Key West, stop 
here twice a week and load with live stock. The 
United States Government have a signal station at this 
point. Water fowl and good fishing may be had here. 

FORT MYERS. 

Fort Myers, on the Caloosahatchee river, is thirty- 
five miles from the Gulf and about sixty miles from 
Lake Okeechobee. The settlement consists of abou<: 
twenty houses The fort, from which the name of d*^ 
settlement is derived, was built by che United States 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 35 

Government during the Indian wars, of which, at the 
present day, no evidence remains. A short dis- 
tance from here is a fine cocoanut grove. This sec- 
tion abounds in game and fish. 

FORT THOMPSON. 

Fort Thompson is an Indian ading post, on the 
Caloosahatchee river, about six miles from Lake Okee- 
chobee. This is the nearest white settlement to the 
lake and the last on the river. 

THE EVERGLADES. 

They consist of an extensive shallow lake inter- 
spersed with innumerable islands ranging from one to 
one hundred acres each. It is filled with channels and 
sinks from three to fifty feet deep. The country is well 
stocked with the larger species of Florida game. Bor- 
dering on the Evergladts are prairies from one to two 
and one-half miles in width. 

INDIANS IN FLORIDA. 

Of the once powerful tribe of Seminoles there are 
now but about six hundred remaining. This remnant 
is encamped on an island in the impenetrable Ever- 
glades. They are peaceful and law abiding. Their vil- 
lages are laid out in broad streets and their houses are 
thatched with the palmetto. Tustanooga is the present 
chief of this remnant of Seminoles. They still retain their 
negro slaves. In their occasional business transaction 
with the natives they receive their usual payment of 
bad whisky in exchange for their skins, furs, etc. Dur- 
ing the Seminole war the Indians, as a last resort, took 
refuge in the Everglades, and so peculiarly adapted 
were the hidden islands for their concealment that it 
was with the utmost difficulty that they were dislodged. 



36 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

KEY WEST. 

Key West is located upon an island of the same 
name in Monroe County, at the southern extremity of 
the State. The island is four miles long and one- 
half mile wide. It is eleven feet above the level of 
the sea. The population of Key West is about. 10,000, 
a large number of which are Cuban refugees, engaged 
in the manufacture of cigars. There is also a manu- 
factory for canning pine-apples, which grow to per- 
fection on this and adjacent islands. The climate is 
mild and agreeable. The hotel accommodations are 
very good. Connection with Cedar Keys is made by 
steamers, semi-weekly. 

ST. AUGUSTINE. 

This city, the oldest in the United States, is situated 
in a direct line about thirty-five miles south of Jackson- 
ville, three hundred and fifty miles north of the south- 
ern coast of the Peninsula and fifteen miles east of 
the St. John's river. It possesses more points of at- 
traction and interest than any other locality in the State. 
Topographically it is somewhat similar to New York, 
or Manhattan Island ; being bounded on the north by 
the main land and on the east by the North river, the 
harbor entrance and the Matanzas river, with Anasta- 
sia Island forming the breakwater, and on the south 
and west by the St. Sebastian river. For the benefit of 
our readers we present an original map of the city and 
its environs. 

The city is built upon the point that was occupied by 
Menendez. Menendez gave the name of St Augus- 
tine to the town, as he chanced to arrive on the coast 
on the day dedicated to that saint ; its previous name 
being Selooe or Seloy. On the arrival of the Spanish 
there were found habitations of considerable size. 

The present population is about 2,200. In addition 



*HE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



3? 



to the Catholic Cathedral, the city possesses four 
churches ; Presbyterian, Episcopalian, Methodist (col.) 
and Baptist (col.) ; a good Peabody fund school, tele- 
graphic, express and post office order facilities, unsur- 
passed hotel accommodations, public library, etc. A 
newspaper, the Florida Press, published by J. F. 
Whitney, and possessing one of the finest newspaper 




and job offices to be found in the State. There is 
also in connection with the office a fine establishment 
for the sale of stationery, fancy goods and other arti- 
cles of usefulness. 

iOn the arrival of the visitor from Tocoi, the first ob- 
ject to attract the attention is the long and narrow 
causeway which leads to the centre of the city. 



^8 THE FLORIDA IPATHFINDER. 

Formerly the stages took their passengers at Picolata, 
and occupied seven hours in the journey over ; on 
reaching the St. Sebastian river, w^here the bridge now 
stands, the coach was driven into a flat boat, and, by 
means of a rope, it was drawn across the river. 

Leaving the causeway, the visitor enters beneath the 
archway of the oak, and Pride of India trees, vC-ith the 
Spanish moss hanging in skeins from the branches. 

On our right we pass the handsome grounds and 
residence of A. Gilbert, Esq. ; on the left is the resi- 
dence and orange grove of Dr. A. Anderson, in the 
rear of which are the elegant grounds and mansion of 
the late Henry Ball, Esq.. formerly owned by Buckr 
ingham Smith, Esq. 

Emerging from the archway, the tourist arrives in 
front of the " Plaza de la Constitucion," and is then in 
the centre of the oldest and most antique city in 
the United States. 

THE STREETS. 

There are four principal streets which extend nearly 
the length of the town. The first one passed on enter- 
ing is Tolamato, upon which is located the Catholic 
Cemetery. The second, St. George Street, is termed 
the Fifth Avenue of the city. The third, Char- 
lotte, is nearly a mile in length, and is from twelve to 
fifteen feet wide. All of these streets are quite narrow. 
The cross streets are still narrower. The fourth is Bay 
Street, and commands a fine view of St. Augustine 
Bay, Anastasia Island and the Ocean. 

The streets were formerly floored with shell concrete, 
portions of which can still be observed above the shift- 
ing sand ; in early times heavy vehicles were not al- 
lowed to travel upon the same. There are many 
modern style residences, with elegant grounds, in and 
about the city, which are well worth a visit. 

King's road, which leads from the city gate to Jack- 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 39 

sonville, was constructed In 1765 b) iubscriptlon. 

Elsewhere will be found a map of the city, also 
a reference to the same. 

All the old Spanish residences are constructed of 
coquina stone, a conglomeration of small shell, quar- 
ried on Anastasia Island. It is covered with stucco 
and whitewashed. Many of the houses have balconies 
along their second stories which overhang the narrow 
street. The old-time Spanish houses were flat-roofed. 

CITY GATE. 

It stands at the north end of the city, at the head of 
St. George Street. It is the only relic of a town wall 
supposed to have surrounded the city. It is a pict- 
uresque and imposing structure. The ornamented 
lofty towers, the loopholes and sentry-boxes are well 
preserved, and one can readily expend a few moments 
examining this antique object of attraction. 

TOWN WALL. 

Whether this wall was composed of the same mate- 
rial as the old fort or was merely a rough stockade of 
pine logs, is a matter of conjecture. If a stone wall 
ever existed it probably now forms a part of some of 
the old structures in the city. However, this wall or 
stockade is supposed to have been built some two hun- 
dred years ago. The north end portion of the wall was 
situated on the south bank of the ditch, and extended 
west to the St. Sebastian river, where it ended in a 
bastion, of which at the present time, with the excep- 
tion of the sand elevation, no trace remains. 

The ditch, at the present day, is quite visible, and 
at one time it connected the moat- water around the 
fort with the St. Sebastian river, but during the late 
war all evidence of this connection was destroyed by 
the construction of the northwest fort embankment. 
-#In 1S71, there existed on the corner of Tolamatoand 



40 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDKR. 



King Streets, a lunette constructed of coquina stone, 
from twelve to fifteen feet high, and thou2:h it was to 
visitors an object of attraction nearly equal to that of 
the city gate, it was removed for personal benefit and 
chronicled as a city improvement. 

REFERENCE TO MAPOFST. AUGUSTINE. 



lO. 



32 
24 

27 



Episcopal Church. 
Council Chamber and 
City Jail. 

Monument in honor of 
the Spanish Liberal 
Constitution. 

28. City Meat Market 

29. The Priest's Dormi- 
tory. 

The Catholic Cathe- 
dral. 

' St. Augustine Ho- 
tel," E. E.Vaill, Pro- 
prietor. 

The ''Florida House." 
Yacht Club House. 
Cottage Billiard 
Rooms. 

B.01iveros,Sr.,(Rose 
Tree.) 

Masonic Lodge. 
Flcrida Press office, 
and Whitney Bro- 
ters of vSt. Joseph. thers' store. 

CLIMATE OF ST. AUGUSTINE. 

It is a mistaken idea on the part of a large number 
of invalids that the sea air at St. Augustine is not con- 
ducive to their particular disease. The sea air at St. 
Augustine, is, on the contiary, most desirable anJ 



Huguenot burying ground 
is located just north- 
west of the City Gate. 
Catholic burying 
ground. 

" Magnolia Hotel," 
W. W. Palmer, Prop. 
The Bishop's Resi- 
dence. 

Old St. Mary's Con- 
vent. 

U. S. Court House— 
Peabody School — 
L^ost Office — Public 
Library and Reading 
Room — C o u n t V 
Clerk's Office, etc. 
Presbyterian Ciiurch. 
Old St. Francis Con- 
vent. 

18. Monument ill honor of 
the Confederate Dead. 

20. New Convent of Sis- 



15- 
17- 



30 
33 



34 
35 
37 

40 

43 
51 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



41 



CITY OF ST. AUGUSTINE. 




UZ] 



42 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



beneficial. Coming, as it does, from the South At- 
lantic Ocean, and tempered by the inflow of the Gulf 
Stream, it is devoid of that cold, piercing chilliness 
which is experienced on the coast in hip^her latitudes. 
The tendency of the sea air at St. Augustine is strength- 
ening, bracing and invigorating. For bronchial afflic- 
tions, weak lungs, catarrh, asthma, and general de- 
bility the salt which impregnates the mild yet exhila- 
rating air of St. Augustine proves a valuable medicinal 
advantage. 

THE SEA WALL. 

This wall is nearly one mile in length ; connecting 
with the water battery of the fort, it extends south be- 
low the U. S. Government Barracks. The original 
wall was built by the Spaniards in 1690, and extended 
that year to the Plaza, and subsequently extended the 
length of the town. The present sea wall and fort 
water battery were constructed in 1S37 to 1S43, at an 
expense to the U. S. Government of one hundred thou- 
sand dollars. Both are built of coquina stone taken 
from the island opposite the city. On the sea wall is 
a coping of granite, four feet wide, which affords a 
delightful promenade — especially on moonlight even- 
ings, and the stillness of the night being broken by the 
roar of the ocean surf, adds greatly to the romance. 

ORANGE GROVES, GARDENS, ETC. 

St. Augustine possesses numerous line orange groves 
and gardens, and also boasts of many handsome Win- 
ter residences — in fact, no other locality in Florida can 
present a larger or finer array of Winter residences 
than the Ancient City. In the gardens are found the 
banana, fig, date, Japan plum, pomegranate, etc. On 
St. George Street, near the city gate, there is a rose 
tree, the trunk of which is about three inches in diam- 
eter. It is an object of considerable attraction. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 43 

'-■■■• 

THE CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL. 

This is the largest and oldest house of worship in 
the city ; it was built in 1793 at a cost of over $16,000. 
Its quaint Moorish belfry, with four bells, which are 
set within separate niches, together with the clock, 
forms a complete cross. The peculiar chimes which 
these old relics of bells give forth, the odd surround- 
ings of the belfry, including the interior of the church, 
render it one of the objects of interest in the Ancient 
City. Upon one of the bells appears the following : 



t 



SANCTE JOSEPH 

ORA PRO NOBIS 

D 1682 

This bell was probably taken from the ruins of a 
previous church located on the west side of St. George 
Street. There exist outside of the city gate the ruins 
of an old chapel in which several priests were killed 
by the Indians ; after which it was sacked and burned. 
It was called " Nuestra Senora De La Leche," or 
"•Our Lady of the Milk." Its erection was the result 
of a superstition of the Spaniards, borrowed from the 
ancient Romans. "• (^ur Lady of the Milk" is simply 
the "Juno Pronuba" of the Romans, whom the 
matrons invoked and implored, in her proper temple, 
to furnish them with a sufficient supply of nursing milk 
fur theii* infants, 



44 is,- THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



GOVERNOR'S PALACE. 

The residence of the old-time Spanish Governor is 
located on the corner of St. George and King Streets. 
Under the skill of modern workmanship it has lost its 
quaint appearsince. It serves as post office. County 
Clerk's Office, Public Library, and Peabody School. 

CEMETERIES. 

The Military Burying Ground is located just south 
of the Barracks. Under three Pyramids are the ashes 
of Major Dade and 107 of his men, who were massacred 
near Fort Dade by Osceola and his band. The Catholic 
Cemetery is located on the north end of Tolamato 
Street. The Huguenot Cemetery is located outside of 
the city gate, ard just north of the Catholic Cemetery. 

THE BARRACKS. 

This building was once used and designated as the 
St. Francis Convent. IL has undergone extensive modi- 
fications and repairs ; the building is located at the 
south end of the town near the terminus of the sea wall, 
and used at present by the United States troops. 

THE PLAZA. 

The " Plaza de la Constitucion " is situated in the 
centre of the town. It is surrounded by a fence, with 
se»ats arranged for the convenience of visitors. During 
the early part of the Revolution, the effigies of John 
Hancock and Samuel Adams were burned here by the 
British troops. Nearly in the centre of the square 
stirnds the monument, nearly twenty feet high, erected 
in 1S12, in commemoration of the Spanish Liberal 
Constitution. A short time after it had been erected, 
the government gave orders that it should be torn down. 
The citizens of St. Augustine, upon hearing of this 
order, quietly removed and concealed the inscribed 
jp^rble tablets. The monument lemained undisturbed. 



TIIK FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 45 

In 1818 the tablets were quietly replaced. Of the 
monuments erected in commemoration of the constitu- 
tion this is the only one now standing. Upon the east 
side ot this monument appears, in Spanish, the follow- 
ing, of which we give a translation : 
Plaza de la 
Constitucion. 
Promulga e7t esta Ciudad 
de San Agtistin de la Florida 
Oriental en 17 de Octubre de 
181 2 siendo Gobernador el 
Brigadier Don Sebastian 

Kindalem Cuba Hero 
del order de Santiago. 

Peira eterna memoria 

El Ayuntainie7ito Consti- 

tucional Erigioeste Obelisco 

dirigido par Don Fer- 

nando de la Plaza 

Arredondo el jfoven 

Reg id or De ca7to y 

Don Franciscor Robira 

Procurador Sindico, 

Ano de 18 13 

Translation. 

Plaza of the Constitution, promulgated in the city of 
St. Augustine, East Florida, on the 17th day of Octo- 
ber, the year 181 2. Being then Governor the Briga- 
dier Don Sebastian Kindalem, Knight of the order of 
San Diego. 

FOR ETERNAL REMEMBRANCE, 

the Constitutional City Council erected this monument 
under the supervision of Don Fernando de la Maza^ Ar- 
redondo, the young municipal officer, oldest member 
of the corporation, and Don Franciscor Robira, Attor- 
ney and Recorder, 



46 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



FORT MARION. 

It stands at the northeast end of the town and com- 
mands the inlet from the sea. It is built of coquina 
stone, which was taken from Anastasia Island. It is 
probably the best preserved specimen in the world of 
the military architecture of its time. It is the oldest 
fortification in the United States. It was com- 
menced in 1620, and through the labor of the conscript 
Indians, was completed in 1756. Its first name was 
" San Juan de Pinos," afterward changed to '* San 
Marco," and upon the change of flags, in 1S21, it was 
given its present name. It occupies an acre of ground, 
and has accommodations for one thousand men and 
one hundred guns. The Indians were compelled to 
do the labor of building for over sixty years. Over tlie 
entrance to the fort is the Spanish coat-of-arms, sur- 
mounted by a globe and cross, while suspended be- 
neath is the figure of a lamb. Around the fort square 
are entrances into its damp and dismal rooms. The 
dungeons wherein the skeletons were discovered are 
located at the northeast extremity of the fort. On the 
north side of the fort, leading from the interior square, 
is the Catholic Chapel ; the altar and holy water niches 
are well preserved. The fort walls and three of the 
watch towers remain intact, but the gims are dis- 
mounted and the moat is dry. The fort is twenty-one 
feet high, terminating in four bastioned angles at the 
corners, each of which is surmounted with sentry- 
boxes and lookout-towers. 

At the time of the attack by Gen. Oglethorpe, the fort 
contained fifty pieces of cannon, ranging from twelve 
to forty-eight pounds calibre. The moat was forty feet 
wide and about ten feet deep. 

-jFort Marion is a castle built after the plan of those 
of the middle ages of Europe. There is the moat, 
which was flooded from the St. Sebastian. There are 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 47 

the inner and outer barriers, the barbican, the draw- 
bridge, portcullis, '-'icket. and all the appliances of 
such fortifications. ^ 

The inscription over the fort entrance is as follows : 

REYNANDO EN ESPANA EL SEN^ DON FER- 
NANDO SEXTO Y SIENDO GOV^^ Y CAP^ DE 
ES^ C^ SA^ AUG^ DE LA FLORIDA Y SUS 
PROV^ EL MARISCAL DE CAMPO D^ ALONSO 
PERNIO HERADA ASI CONCLUIO ESTE CAS- 
TILLO EL AN OD 1756 DRIENDO LAS OBRAS 
EL CAP. INGN^o DN PEDRO DE BROZAS Y 
GARAY. ^ 

Translation : 

Don Ferdinand the VI, being King of Spain, and 
the Field Marshal Don Alonzo Fernando Hereda 
being Governor and Captain General of t/jis place. 
St. Augustine of Florida, and its province, this 
Fort was finished in the year 1 756. The works were 
directed by the Captain Engineer, Don Pedro de 
Brozas T Gar ay. 

In 1846 the terre-plein of the northwest bastion fell 
in, revealing a dark and dismal dungeon. We have 
heard from the lips of a reliable person, still a r-^si- 
dent of St. Augustine, and who was present at the 
time of the above accident to the fort, of the following 
facts : ^^ I stood upon the edge and looked down info 
this dungeon and there saw the complete skeleton of 
a human being, lying at full length, apparently on its 
back ; the arms were extended from the body and the 
skeleton fingers were wide open ; there appeared to be 
a gold ring upon one of the fingers. Encircling the 
wrists were iron bands, attached to vs^hich were chains 
fastened to a hasp in the coquina wall, near the en- 
trance to the dungeon." 
' The military engineer having charge of the repairs 



48 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

of the fort and sea-wall, descended into this dungeon, 
when his curiosity was excited by the discovery, to 
the northeast, of a broad stone, diflering greatly in 
dimensions and appearance from those of which the 
wall was built. He noticed, moreover, that the cement 
which held this stone in its place differed in composi 
tion and appeared to be more recent. On the removal 
of this stone, the present dark, dismal, fearful dungeon 
was disclosed. On entering with lights there were 
found at the west end, two iron cages suspended from 
hasps in the wall. One of the cages had partially 
fallen down from rust and decay, and human bones 
lay scattered on the floor. The other remained in its 
position, holding a pile of human bones. The latter 
cage and contents may be seen in the Smithsonian In- 
stitute at Washington. 

This stone was removed by the assistance of Mr. 
John Capo (now deceased), an honest, old harbor pilot 
and mason ; we have his statement, made personally 
to us. confirming the finding of the two cages contain- 
ing the skeletons, as presented in this sketch. 

From a lecture delivered at the fort by J. Hume 
Simons, M. D., and afterward 2)ublished in the Floj-ida 
Press^ we quote : 

*' The broken cage with all the bones, except those 
which I hold in my hand, were buried in the sand 
mound to the north of the fort. I recognize these as 
portions of the tibia and fibula (or leg bones) of a 
female." 

During the vSeminole war, Osceola and Coacoochee 
(or Wiid Cat) were captured and confined in the south- 
west angle of the fort. Coacoochee complafned that 
the cell was too damp and affected his health, where- 
upon he was removed to the adjoining one, w'hcre an 
elevated seat aflbrded him the facility of reaching the 
grated window above, by means of one Indian mount- 
ing on the shoulders of another. On the evening pre- 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 49 

vious to the night of his escape he remained an unus- 
ually long time on the ramparts of the fort, where he 
was allowed to walk daily for exercise. He had evi- 
dently been taking- observations of the manner in which 
the sentinels v/ho guarded outside the fort were sta- 
tioned, to enable him to determine the safest route to 
pursue after he should escape from the window. This 
he effected, during the night, so noiselessly, that when 
the sentinel, who had paced the whole night before the 
door of his cell, was about to open the same at dawn, 
Osceola appeared at the grating of his cell, and with a 
smirk of delight, exclaimed: "Wile Cat gone." 
Osceola was afterward removed to Castle Pinckney, 
Charleston, where he died broken-hearted. 

In 1586 this structure was called Fort St. John ; this 
was the period when Sir Francis Drake made his 
attack on the town. At that time the fort was a wood- 
en entrenchment, enlarged by palisades of pine trees. 
The platforms were made by placing pine logs hori- 
zontally across each other, and earth forced in to fill 
narrow vacancies. When Drake approached the fort 
it was deserted by the Spaniards ; he found fourteen 
brass pieces mounted on the platforms, also a stout 
wooden, iron-bound chest, containing some £2,000, 
which was intended for the payment of the 150 men 
who garrisoned it. The town at this period was built 
of wood, about one-half of which was burned by Drake. 
In 1665, when Captain Davis, the English buccaneer, 
plundered the town, the fort was constructed of wood, 
and octagonal in shape. In 1702 the name of the 
fort appears to have been changed to St. Marks. 

In 1755 Don Alonzo Fernandez Hereda was ap- 
pointed commandant, and in the following year (1756) 
the fort was finally completed. History represents 
that on the arrival of Pedro Menendez, in 1565, he 
immediately constructed a wooden fort, no doubt on 
the site of the present fort. 



50 _ THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

CONVENTS, ETC. 

The old St. Mary's Convent is quite an interesting 
building. It is located on St. George Street, just west 
of the Cathedral and north of the old Spanish Gov- 
ernor's residence. In the rear of St. Mary's Convent 
is a more recent building, designated as the Bishop's 
residence. The old Convent of the Sisters of St. 
Joseph is located on Charlotte Street, north of the 
Barracks. The new Convent of the Sisters of St. 
Joseph is a fine coquina building located on St George 
Street, south of the Plaza. The monument erected in 
honor of the Confederate dead, is located on St. George 
Street, just south of Bridge Street. 

THERMOMETER IN ST. AUGUSTINE. 

Throughout the year the thermometer very rarely 
falls below 30 degrees, or rises above 90 degrees. Ac- 
cording to the old Spanish records kept at St. Augus- 
tine for over one hundred years, the temperature 
averaged a little over 70 degrees Ic also jd roved that 
St. Augustine was warmer in Winter and cooler in 
Summer than Jacksonville. Nearly all the old works 
on Florida also testify to this fact. 

VISITORS TO ST. AUGUSTINE. 

The following is the estimated number of visitors to 
St. Augustine during the respective seasons : 

TS69-70, conveyed by stage from Picolata 400 

1870-71, conveyed by stage from Picolata 650 

1871-72, on opening of St. John's Railroad. . . . 2.S00 

1872-73, the travel increased to abou^ 4- 500 

1873-74, there were upward of 6,000 

1874-75, the travel increased to 9 500 

1875-76, the visitors numbered fully 10,500 

1876-77, there were about 11 ,000 

1877-78, there were about 1 1 iqO 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 5 1 

PALMETTO HATS, LACE, ETC, 

The Palmetto hat, when carefully constructed, is the 
neatest and most serviceable for this section. There 
are several artists engaged in this manufacture who do 
not fail to give entire satisfaction. It is said the lace 
made by the Sisters of the Convent is equal to that 
made in foreign countries. Visitors should not fail to 
procure a specimen, in remembrance of the oldest city 
in the United States. 

RAYENSWOOD. 

The visitor having left the depot, passes over the 
causeway and bridge which lead to St. Augustine. 

From the bridge looking north, on the left, will be 
observed the recently erected dwelling of John F. 
Whitney, Esq., the proprietor of the new projected 
settlement of Ravenswood. This is the pioneer resi- 
dence located upon this tract of over one thousand 
acres. From its close proximity to St. Augustine, and 
its sloping, dry and healthful position, it promises soon 
to become a favorite location for northerners desirous 
of building-sites and orange groves in the immediate 
neighborhood of the Ancient City. The prices and 
terms of sale may be obtained from him at the office 
of the Florida Press, or at the Magnolia Hotel. 

^YACHTING, POINTS TO VISIT, ETC. 

No locality in the State affords finer opportunities 
for yachting than the St. Augustine bav. Numerous 
yachts convey parties to the points of'^interest. We 
would suggest a trip to the North Beach — called dui> 
ing the time of Menendez, Point Quartell. This beach 
is one of the finesc on the coast and affords an excel- 
lent view of the Atlantic Ocean A trip to the sand 
hills where General Oglethorpe planted hi? guns and 
laid^siege lo For^ Marion j the South Beach ; a visit lo 



53 THE P'LORIDA PATHFINDER. 

Fish's Island ; a sail up the North River ; a visit to the 
olrl and new lighthouses on Anastasia Island. The 
old lighthouse was built by the Spaniards in 1760. In 
1S74 the new lighthouse was erected ; it is 165 feet 
high from low water mark, and is considered one of 
the finest lights on the coast. The coquma quarries 
are located but a short distance from the lighthouses. 

A trip to Matanzas is a pleasant one, where exist 
the ruins of a fortress or lookout-tower, supposed to 
l^e of more remote origin than any structure in the 
.Ancient City, probably excepting Fort Marion. 

St. Augustine is a favorite resort for members of the 
several yacht clubs of the North, and during the Win- 
ter under the auspices of the " St. Augustine Yacht 
Club," yacht racing and other sports are indulged in. 

ANASTASIA ISLAND. 

This island acts as a breakwater and forms the har- 
bor of St. Augustine. It is about eighteen miles in 
length and has an average width of about half a mile. 
Large deposits of coqulna exist nearly the entire length 
of the island. Several points of interest, worthy a visit, 
are located upon it. Sir Francis Drake mi 5S6, anchored 
his fleet just inside of the bar and disembarked at the 
extreme north point of the island and subsequently 
crossed the harbor and pillaged the town. General James 
Oglethorpe, when he visited this section in 1740, dis- 
embarked on the coast south of Bird Island and marched 
to the point opposite Fort Marion. Here he threw up 
a sand battery, of which at the present day, no trace 
remains. He also mounted guns behmd the sandhills, 
on Point Quartell, now called the North Beach, 
probably for the purpose of protecting his fleet, 
which was anchored in his rear. In 1760 there existed 
on the northeast point of the island a coquina battery, 
but the encroachment of the sea has destroyed it, and 
vessels now sail over the site, 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



53 



SPANISH OOYERNORS. 

1. Juan Ponce de Leon, landed 151 2 

2. Lucas Vasquez de Ajllon 1524 

3. Panfilo de Narvaez ^5^7 

4. Hernando de vSoto, appointed 1537, died 1S42 

5. Tristan de Luna i559~6i 

6. Angel de Villafane 1561 

7. Pedro Menendez de Aviles 1565-72 

8. Pedro Menendez Marquez, killed ^574 

9. Hernando de Miranda I57S~93 

10. John D. Salinas ^593~i^i9 

1 1 . Diego de ReboUedo ^^55 

12. Juan de Hita j Salazar 1676-79 

13. Pablo de Hita, commenced i^79 

14. John Marquez Cabrera, in 16S0 

15. Francesco de la Guerra, commenced 16S4 

16. Diego de Qiiiroga 1690 

17. Laureano de Torrez i Ayala, in i^93 

iS. Joseph de Zuniga i la Cerda, till 1708 

19. Frances de Corcoles Martinez, Capt. Gen.i7oS-i2 

20. Juan de Ayala y Escobar, commenced 171 2 

21. Anthony Benavides 1719-30 

22. Francesco de Moral Sanchez 1730-37 

23. Manuel de Montiano 1737-41 

24. Alonso Hernandez de Herida 1755-5^ 

25. Lucas Fernando Palacios 1758-62 

The above still lacks about ten names of be'ng com- let 3. The 

followiag were the Captains General during the second Spanish 
supremacy : 

1. Vincente Manuel de Zespedez 17S4 

2. Jos6 de Galvez 17S6 

3. Juan Nepomuceno Quesada ^790 

4. Enrique White 1 796 

5. Juan Josi de Estrada 1811 

6. Sebastian Kindalem 1812 

7. Juan Jose de Estrada (second term) 1815 

8. Jose Coppinger. ...,.......,,.,,...*.,. 1816-21 



54 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

RAPID IMPROVEMENTS. 

No locality in the State has improved with such 
rapid strides as St. Augustine, the Newport of Florida. 
Comparatively but few years ago it was a difficult 
matter for invalids and others to obtain, even at the 
leading stores, such articles as they were accustomed 
to purchase at the North. To-day this city possesses 
physicians of the highest order, and the business estab- 
lishments contain all the minor articles as presented in 
northern cities, and invalids and others may now pro- 
cure most anything desired — even to the celebrated 
Moller's Norwegian Cod Liver Oil. 

EXCURSION TO NASSAU. 

In connection with a trip to Florida this Winter, an 
additional attraction is offered by the enterprising firm 
of Murray, Ferris & Co., to tourists and others, of vis- 
iting Nassau, N. P., and the Bahamas, by a short and 
pleasant trip — this season from Jacksonville, Florida, 
(St. Augustine, heretofore, having been the Florida 
headquarters of this line.) Messrs. Murray, Ferris & 
Co. are continually looking after the interests of the 
public ; they have secured the fine and comfortable 
steamship '' Secret," which has been entirely refitted 
for this special travel, and extends spacious passenger 
accommodations. The steamer " Secret" will run 
regularlv between Jacksonville, Florida, and Nassau, 
N. P., leaving Jacksonville three times each month, 
and extending one trip each month to Havana, Cuba. 
This section has long and favorably been known as a 
Winter resort. To tourists and others, the tropical 
scenery of New Providence and the surrounding islands 
is a source of constant enjoyment. The temperature 
in this locality ranges between 64 and 82 degrees. To 
those desirous of visiting this section and wishing addi- 
tional information, we refer them to the card of the 
Nassau and Havana route to be found in this book. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



55 



ACCOMMODATIONS IN FLORIDA. 



St. Augustine — Hotels. 

St. Augustine Hotel, E. 
E. Vaill. Accommodates 
350 guests; $4; $15 to $25 
for the season. The inte- 
rior of this house has been 
frescoed by a decorative 
artist from New York. A 
restaurant hasbeen opened, 
where all the delicacies of 
the season maybe obtained. 

Magnolia Hotel, W. W. 
Palmer. Accommodates 
about 200 guests. Greatly 
enlarged ; also undergone 
many improvements. 

Florida House, J. H. 
Remer. Accommodates 
175 guests; $4. 

Boarding Houses. 

Sunny Side, T. F. House, 
Proprietor ; $10 to $15 per 
week. 

Hernandez House, Mrs. 
J. V. Hernandez ; $10 to 
$15 per week. 

E. J. de Medicis ; $io to 
$12 per week. 

Mrs. C. H. Patterson; 
$10 to $12 per week. 

U.J. White; $10 to $15 
per week. 

Mrs. Taylor; $12 to $15 
per week. 



Wm. Mickler; $10 to 
$15 per week. 

Miss A. Dummitt; $12 
to $15 per week. 

Mr. G. S. Greeno ; $10 
to $15 per week. 

Mrs. Shine ; $10 to $15 
per week. 

Matanzas. 

Matanzas Hotel, J. W. 
Allen ; $2 per day. 

Moultrie. 
William H. Bottsford ; 
$2.50 per day. 

Daytona. 

Palmetto House. M. 
Hoag ; $2.50. $12 to $15 
per week. 

Pleasant View House, 
E. N. Waldron; $1 per 
day. $7 per week. 

Orange House, Mrs. 
Wheedon ; $1.50. $10 per 
week. 

New Britain. 

J. A. Bostrom House ; 
$1.50. $10 per v/eek. 
New Smyrna. 

Ocean House, E. K 
Lowd ; $2.50 per day. 
Halifax River. 

Gesner House, Isaac 
Gesner ; $3 per day. 



56 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



Port Orange. 

Port Orange Hotel, 



L. 
per 



G. Stringfellpw ; $2 
day. $10 per week. 

Titusville. 

Titus House, Bodine & 
McCarty ; $3 per day. 

Indian River House, 
Capt. Knowles. 

Fernandina. 
Egmont Hotel, B. H. 

Skinner, Manager ; $3 to 
$3.50 per day 



Mansion 
Downie ; $3-50. 
Riddell House, 
;o. 



House, M. VV.! 



S. T. 

Riddell ; $3.5 

Fort Georg;e Island. 
Fort George Hotel, D. 
W. Ranlet ; $3. 

Arlington. 
Arlington House, Capt. 
William Vermilya, Man- 
ager ; $3 to $2.50 per day. 

Orange Park. 
Park View House; 
$2 per day. 

Mandarin. 
W. S. Simmons, Pri- 
vate Board. 

Hibernia. 
Mrs. Fleming; $2 per 
day. $12 per week. 



Jacksonville. 

St. James Hotel, J. R. 
Campbell, Manager ; $4. 

Carleton House, Stimp- 
son, Devnell & Davis ; $3. 

Nicholls House^Terwil- 
liger & Davis ; $3. 

Metropolitan Hotel, C. 
H. Edwards ; $2 to $2.50. 

Moncrief House, Baker 
& Pratt, Props. ; $2.50. 

St. John's House, Mrs. 
E. Hudnall: $1.50 to $2. 

Windsor House, . 

Including numerous 
boarding establishments. 

Green Cove Spring. 

Clarenden Hotel, Harris 
& Applegate ; $4. 

Union Hotel, J.J. Ben- 
son, Manager ; $3. 

Magnolia. 

Magnolia Hotel, T.Wol- 
cott. Proprietor ; $4. 

On Drayton Island. 

Drayton Island Hotel ; 
$2.50."' 

Palatka. 

Putnam House, F. H. 
Orvis ; $4. 

Larkin House, Lavkin 
& Allen ; $3. 

St. John's Hotel, P. & 
H. Petermann ; $2.50. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



SI 



San Mateo. 

Riverdale House, James 
M. x\. Miller; $2.50. $10 
to $15 per week. 
Sanford. 

Sanford House, A. R. 
Hale & Son ; $3 per day. 

Lake Monroe House ; 
$15 to $18 per week. 

Mellonville. 
Mellonvllle Hotel, E. S. 
White; $3. 

Orange Hotel, Mrs. 
Marks ; $3. 

Fort Reid. 
Onoro House, R. S. 
Edgcomb. 

Orlando. 
Lake House, C. H. 
Munger ; $1.50. 

Enterprise. 
Brock House, Isaac T. 
Carr ; $2.50 to $3. 



Waldo. 
Waldo House, H. H. 
Williams; $2. $10 to $12 
per week. 

Gainesville. 
Arlington House, T. B. 
W^istar ; $3. 

Oak Hall House ; $2.50 
per day. 

Pennsylvania House, J. 
J. Lucas ; $1.50 to $2. 

Oliver House, Mrs. P 
M. Oliver; $1 to $1.50. 
Tallahassee. 
City Hotel, William P. 
Slusser. 

Cedar Keys. 
Island House, R. H. 
Mcllvaine ; $3. 

Tampa. 
Orange Grove Hotel, 
H. L. Crane ; $2.50. $10 
per week. 



HOTELS EN ROUTE. 



Richmond, Va. 

Ballard House and Ex- 
change Hotel, J. L. Car- 
rington ; $3. 

St. James Hotel, T. W. 
Hoenniger ; $2.50. 

Ford's Hotel, A.J. Ford; 
$2 to $2.50 per day. 

St. Charles Hotel, W. 
N. Bragg & Co., Props. ; 
$^.50 to $2. 



Petersburg, Va. 

City Hotel, S. A. Plum- 
mer; $3. 

Norfolk, Va. 

Atlantic Hotel, R. S. 
Dodson ; $2.50 to $3. 

Pur cell House, J. R. 
Davis ; $3. 

Old Point Comfort. 

Hygeia Hotel, H. Phoe- 
bus ; $3 per day. 



58 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



Portsmouth, Va. 

Crawford House, George 
C. Bourdett; $3. 

American House, Mrs. 
C. Y. Diggs & Son ; $2. 

Goldsboro', N. C. 

Gregory House, Gre- 
gory & Freeman ; $2. 

Wilmington, N. C. 
Pur cell House, Cobb 
Brothers; $3. 

National Hotel ; $3. 

Danville, Va. 

Arlington Hotel, Sco- 
ville & Seldon ; $2.50. 

Greensboro', N. C. 

McAdoo House, W. D. 
McAdoo; $1.50 to $2. 
Charlotte, N. C. 

Central Hotel, H. C. 
Eccles; $2.50. 

Columbia, S. C. 

Wheeler House, R. N. 
Lowrance ; $2 to $2.50. 

Aiken, S. C. 

Highland Park Hotel, 
B. P. Chatfield ; $4. 

Augusta, Ga. 

Planters' Hotel, B. F. 
Brown ; $3. 

Augusta Hotel, W. M. 
Moore, Proprietor ; $2. 



Atlanta, Ga. 
H. I. Kimball House. 
J. R. Campbell, prop. ; $3. 
Markham House, James 
E. Owens ; $3. 

Macon, Ga. 
Brown's Hotel, E. E. 
Brown & Son ; $2. 

Thomasville, Ga. 

Mitchell House, Sander- 
son & Fabyan ; $3 pr. day. 

Gulf House, George W. 
Parnell ; $2. 

Charleston, S. C. 

Charleston Hotel, E. H. 
Jackson ; $2.50 to $4 per 
day. 

Pavilion Hotel, G. T. 
Alford ; $2 to $2.50. 

Savannah, Ga. 

Screven House, George 
W. Sergent, Proprietor ; 
$2.50 to $3.50 per day. 

Pulaski House, R. Brad- 
ley, Prop. ; $2.50 to $3.50. 

Marshall House, A. B. 
Luce ; $3. 

Planters' Hotel, John 
Bresnan, Manager ; $2, 

Jesup, Ga. 

Altamaha Hotel, A. 
Wall ; $3 per day. 

Jesup House, T. B. Lit- 
tlefield; $2. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 59 

POINTS OF INTEREST EN ROUTE. 

The tourist, en route^ by rail to Florida passes 
through many beautiful southern cities which are well 
deserving of a visit. The following cities, located on 
the direct lines of travel south, are those that have 
earned a special prominence among Florida sojourners, 
and who do not fail to annually visit them while 
going either to or from that State. 

Richmond, the capital of Virginia is located on the 
James river, at a point where its channel is broken 
into rapids. The city is well planned, and does a large 
and increasing trade. It possesses many objects of 
interest. Houdin's statue of Gen. Washington, said 
to be a perfect likeness, stands in the Capitol. In and 
about the same building are various monuments and 
curiosities which command attention. Richmond is 
the terminus of those excellent steamships of the Old 
Dominion Steamship line, which ply between New 
York, Portsmouth, Norfolk, and City Point, on the 
romantic and historic James river and the subject 
of this sketch. 

W^ilmington. This is the most important commer- 
cial city in North Carolina. It is situated on Cape 
Fear river, about thirty-four miles from the ocean. In 
addition to its increasing commerce, Wilmington is an 
important manufacturing centre, and ranks among the 
most flourishing cities in the South. There are sev- 
eral points of interest here that are worth visiting. 

Columbia, the capital of South Carolina, has long 
been known as one of the most beautiful cities in the 
South, and noted for its refined and intellectual society. 
It is situated on the Congaree river, and possesses 
streetsof unusual width, shaded by large trees, and lined 
by many fine public edifices and private residences. 

Aiken, in South Carolina, is 120 miles from Charles- 
ton, seventeen miles northeast of Augusta, and has a 



6o fHE FLORIDA l»ATHFlNli>ER. 

population of 2,000 It is upward of 600 feet above 
the level of the sea. Heie the atmosphere is dry and 
healthful. It has become quite a reso't among tourists 
who have completed the^r Winter stay i^ Florida, and 
are gradually wending their way Northward. There 
is an excellent hotel here that affords all possible com- 
fort and equal to any in New York city. It is the 
Highland Park hotel, under its present management. 

Charleston isoneoftheoldest cities on the continent 
it having been settled in 1679. It is situated on a tongue 
of land between tlie Ashley and Cooper rivers, and 
from the promenade extending along its front the view 
is unsurpassed, embracing a wide expanse of water 
and the islands in the harbor, on which stand the forti- 
fications of Sumpter, Pinckney, Jolinson and Moultrie. 
The city contains man}' buildings of more than ordinary 
interest, while the drives about the city are very at- 
tractive. In connection with the Winter travel co 
Florida, Charleston deserves especial attention. It is 
one of the principal points visited by tourists and others 
when passing to and from that State It is accessible 
by rail and water, and is directly connected with New 
York by one of the finest lines of steamers plying on 
the coast. A few days can be most agreeably spent 
by the stranger in visiting the many points of interest, 
which, together with its unsurpassed hotel accommo- 
dations, entitle Charleston at all times to be considered 
a point of attraction to visitors. 

Savannah, the metropolis of Georgia, has a popula- 
tion of about thirty thousand. It is built on the Sav- 
annah river, about eighteen miles from its mouth. It 
ranks as the second cotton port of the United States. 
The city is one of the most beautiful in the South. The 
streets are broad and j^leasantly shaded with trees, such 
as the oak, magnolia, sycamore and pride of India 
species. At every second corner are public squares, 
numbering twenty-four in all..^ *' Forsyth Park," the 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 5l 

principal pleasure ground of the city, is without doubt 
one of the loveliest spots in the United States. The 
cemetery of Bonaventure should be visited by every 
tourist. It is shaded by the most beautiful grove of 
live oaks in the world, whose branches interlace over 
the avenues, and from which hang long pendants of 
Spanish moss. During the Winter season Savannah 
is thronged wath visitors from every section who are 
journeying to and from Florida. 

Atlanta, is in the heart of Northern Georgia, and 
is one of the principal railroad centres in the Southern 
States. Florida tourists via the Piedmont Air Line 
route have a good opportunity of stopping over at this 
point and visiting the numerous points of attraction. 
Excellent hotels afford comfort and satisfaction. Hun- 
dreds of tourists and visitors going to and returning 
from Florida stop over at this point. f> 

Macon, the northern termmus of the Macon & 
Brunswick Railroad, is situated on the Ocmulgee 
river, and has a population of about 15,000. The city 
is nearly half a century old and possesses several points 
of considerable interest to the northern visitor. As a 
cotton market it ranks third among the cities of Geor- 
gia. It is also of considerable importance as a manu- 
facturing city. There is a handsome park of 360 acres 
in extent. 

Jesup. This is a new and flourishing town of 
about 600 inhabitants, situated at the intersection of 
the Macon & Brunswick with the Atlantic and GuW 
Railroad, over which roads a very large percentage of 
the Northern and Western travel to Florida must pass 
It is forty miles from Brunswick, fifty-seven miles from. 
Savannah, 146 miles from Macon, and 240 miles from 
Jacksonville, Fla. 

In addition to the places thus noticed there are many 
others where the tourist could agreeably spend a day or 
so with considerable instruction and pleasure. 



62 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

HEADQUARTERS FOR INFORMATION. 

NEW YO'^Yi.—Atlatitic Coast Line of Rail- 
roads^ 229 Broadway, corner Barclay street. 

Central SJiort Line^ J. L. Waldrop, General East- 
ern Agent, 9 Astor House, near corner Barclay street. 

Piedmont Air Li?ic^]. L. Waldrop. 9 Astor House. 

Virgi7iia Alidla^id Route ^ G. M. Huntington, Gen- 
eral Eastern Agent, 315 Broadway. 

Bay Line of Steamers, H. V. Tompkins, Southern 
Passenger Agent, 229 Broadway, corner Barclay street. 

Old Dominioji Stea?nship Co.^ 197 Greenwich 
street, corner Fulton street ; also New York headquar- 
ters for the St. John's River steamer '' Hampton," from 
Jacksonville to Palatka. 

Sava?inah Steamships^ sailing from Pier 43, North 
River, every Wednesday and Saturday, at 3.00 p.m., 
Geo. Yonge, Agent, 409 Broadw\ay, near Canal street. 

Charleston Stea7nships^ saiHng every Wednesday 
and Saturday, from Pier 27, North River, E. Plump, 
Passenger Department. 

Steamers St. jfohns and City Pointy ply^^S ^^" 
tween Charleston and Florida ; information to be had 
at pier of Charleston steamships, 27, North River. 

Nassau Steamer., sailing from Pier 16, East River, 
Murray, Ferris & Co., Agents, 62 South street; also 
from Jacksonville, Florida, tri-monthly. 

Railroad tickets may also be procured at all offices 
of Pennsylvania and Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 
ticket offices. 

BOSTON' — 203, 205, 214, 219, 222, 228 and 232 
Washington street ; 3 Old State House ; New York & 
New England Railroad Depot ; at all offices of New 
York lines, and all principal railroad offices in the 
East. 

PHILADELPHIA'— 700, 732, 838, 1351 Chest- 
nut street, southeast corner Broad and Chestnut streets ; 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 63 

Depot corner Broad street and Washington avenue ; 
Depot of Philadelphia, Wilmington & Baltimore R.R., 
corner Broad and Prime streets, and West Philadelphia. 

THROUGH FARES— NEW YORK TO 

Jacksonville, all rail, limited ticket $33.40 

Jacksonville, Bay Line steamers 33 '40 

Jacksonville, Old Dominion steamers 29.90 

Jacksonville, Charleston steamships 25 .00 

Palatka, Charleston steamships 28.00 

St. Augustine, Charleston steamships 29.00 

Enterprise, Charleston steamships 32.00 

Jacksonville, Savannah steamships 25.00 

St. Augustine. Savannah steamships 29.00 

Palatka, Savannah steamships 28.00 

Enterprise, Savannah steamships 32 .00 

EXCURSION TICKETS. 

Jacksonville, by steamships ■. $45.00 

Jacksonville, by all rail ^0.00 

LOCAL FARES. 

Charleston to Savannah, rail $5* 00 

Charleston to Savannah, steamers 4.00 

Charleston to Jacksonville, outside steamers.. . 14.00 

Charleston to Palatka, outside steamers 16.00 

Charleston to St. Augustine, outside steamers . 18.00 

Savannah to Jacksonville, rail 8.40 

Savannah to Live Oak, rail 7.00 

Savannah to Jacksonville, inside steamers 10.00 

Savannah to Palatka, inside steamers 12.00 

Savannah to St. Augustine, inside steamers... . 14.00 

Savannah to Enterprise, inside steamers 16.00 

Jacksonville to Green Cove Spring, river boats, i.oo 

Jacksonville to St. Augustine, boat and rail. ... 4.00 

Jacksonville to Palatka, river boats 2 .00 

Jacksonville to Enterprise, river boats 9.00 

Palatka to Enterprise, steamers 7.00 

St. Augustine to Palatka, rail and boat 3 'OO 



64 



THE PLOKIDA PATHFINDER. 



NEW MAP OF ALL FLORIDA ROUTES. 




s|c. \ 



DaltoD 



1 AxT, . AuguBta>^^ -A'^^'" V'^ gig 



rarloaton 



-c^^ 



<V 






NEW YOBK * 



G A, 



Jcsui> 






Duponty ■ P^^ — 



rnandina 









Toco' 



_T. AUGUSTINE 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 65 

SCHEDULES OF PRINCIPAL ROUTES. 

The following schedules refer principally to Pull- 
man car service, and are liable to change : 

No. I. Atlantic Coast Line^ via Wilmington^ 
Charleston^ Savannah^ yacksonville. — Leave Nevv^ 
York 10.00 p.m. ; take Pullman sleeping car to Rich- 
mond ; arrive at Philadelphia i.oo a.m.; Baltimore 
4.55 a.m. ; Washington 6.30 a.m. — breakfast ; arrive 
at Richmond 11.35 a.m. — dinner; change; take Pull- 
man parlor car to Wilmington ; arrive at Petersburg 
12.50p.m.; Weldon 3.30p.m. — dinner; Wilmington 
9.53 p.m. — supper ; change ; take sleeping car to 
Charleston ; arrive at Ashley River Junction 6.30 
a.m.; Charleston 6.50 e.m. — breakfast; change; take 
day cars to Savannah ; arrive at Yemassee 12.30 p.m, ; 
arrive at Savannah i.oo p.m. — dinner; change; take 
Pullman sleeping car to Jacksonville ; leave 4.45 p.m. ; 
arrive at Jesup 7.15 p.m. — supper; Live Oak 2.25 
a.m.; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m.; change. See 
St. John's Rivei steamers. 

No. 2. Atlantic Coast Line^ via Augusta. — Leave 
New^ York 10.00 a.m. ; (limited express $2.50 extra ;) 
change at Washington 5.20 p.m. ; take Pullman car 
to Florence ; arrive at Richmond 10.35 P-"^- ; arrive 
at Weldon 2.13 a.m. ; arrive at Wilmington 8.16 a.m. ; 
arrive at Florence ; change ; arrive at Augusta 8.30 
p.m.; change; take sleeper to Savannah; arrive i;/« 
Magnolia Route 6.3c a.m. See Savannah connections. 

No. 3. Bay Line., via Charleston and Savannah. 
— Leave New^ York 4.00 p.m. ; leave Philadelphia 
6.00 p.m. ; leave Baltimore, on arrival of train irom 
New^ York, 9.00 p.m. ; arrive at Portsmouth 10.00 
a.m. : change ; leave 10.25 ^•"^- 5 arrive at Weldon 
3.00 p.m. — dinner ; leave 3.32 p.m. ; arrive at Golds- 
boro' 6.34 p.m. — supper ; arrive at Wilmington 9.53 
p.m. ; change ; leave 10.00 p.m. ; take sleeping car to 



66 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

Savannah ; arrive at Florence 2.30 a.m. ; Charleston 
6.50 a.m.; Savannah i.oo p.m. — dinner; change; 
leave via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad 4.45 p.m. ; arrive 
at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 

No. 4. Central Short Line^ via Savannah, — 
Leave New York 10.00 p.m. : take Pullman sleeping 
car to Greensboro; arrive at Richmond 11.40a.m.; 
arrive at Greensboro S.36 p.m.; change; take Pull- 
man sleeping car for Augusta ; arrive at Graniteville 
9.15 a.m., and change for Aiken, arriving 9.40 a.m. ; 
arrive at Augusta 9.50 a.m. ; leave 10.00 a.m. ; arrive 
at Savannah 4.40 p.m.; leave 4.45 p.m. for Jackson- 
ville. See Savannah connections. 

No. 5. Central Short Line^ via Savannah. — 
Leave New York 8. 20 a.m. ; take Pullman car to Sa- 
vannah ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m.; arrive at 
Augusta 8.30 p.m. ; (change here for Aiken, arrive 
9.00 p.m.;) leave Augusta ; arrive at Savannah 7.15 
a.m. ; change ; leave Savannah 4.45 p.m. ; take sleep- 
ing car to Jacksonville ; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 
a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 

No. 6. Piedmont Air Line^ via Cumberland 
Route. — Leave New York 10.00 p.m. ; take Pullman 
sleeping car to Atlanta; arrive at Richmond 11.40 
p.m.; arrive at Charlotte 12.00 midnight; arrive at 
Atlanta 12.00 noon — dinner; change; leave Atlanta 
2.05 p.m. ; arrive at Macon 6.55 p.m. — supper ; arrive 
at Brunswick 7.00 a.m. ; change ; take steamer for 
Fernandina ; arrive i.io p.m.; prrive at Jackson- 
ville 4.55 p.m. 

No. 7. Piedmont Air Line and Cumberland 
Route. — Leave New York 8.20 a.m. ; take Pullman 
car to Charlotte ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m. ; ar- 
rive at Charlotte 10.20 a.m. ; change ; take Air Line 
palace car to Atlanta ; arrive at Atlanta 10.30 p.m. ; 
change ; take Pullman car to Brunswick ; arrive at 
Macon 6.45 a.m. ; arrive at Brunswick ; change ; take 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 6'J 



steamer to Fernandina, and thence to Jacksonville ; 
arrive 4.55 p.m. See St. John's River steamers. 

No. 8. Virginia Midland Route and Cumber- 
land Route, — Leave New York 10.00 p.m. ; take 
Pullman sleeping car to Washington ; arrive at Wash- 
ington 6.30 a.m. — breakfast ; change ; leave Washing- 
ton 7.00 a.m. ; take Pullman car to Atlanta ; arrive at 
Lynchburg 2.35 p.m. — dinner ; arrive at Christians- 
burg 6.42 p.m. — supper; arrive at Cleveland 7.43 
a.m. — breakfast ; arrive at Atlanta i.oo p.m. — dinner ; 
leave 2.05 p.m. ; arrive at Macon 7.10 p.m. ; change ; 
take sleeping car ; leave 7*45 p.m. ; leave Jesup 6.45 
a.m. ; arrive at Brunswick 7.00 a.m. ; take steamer ; 
arrive at Fernandina i.io p.m. ; take rail for Jackson- 
ville ; leave Fernandina 1.30 p.m. ; arrive at Baldwin 
3.35 p.m. ; arrive at Jacksonville 4.55 p.m. 

The above route to Jesup ; change ; leave 7.15 p.m. 
via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad ; arrive at Jacksonville 
8.00 a.m. 

No. 9. Virginia Midland and Piedmont Air 
Line. — Arrive at Lynchburg as in previous route ; 
leave 2.57 p.m. ; arrive at Danville 6.12 p.m. ; change ; 
take sleeping car to Atlanta ; leave 6.30 p.m. ; arrive 
at Greensboro' 8.28 p.m. — supper ; arrive at Charlotte 
12.15 a-m. ; arrive at Atlanta 12.00 noon — dinner; 
change. From here continue as in previous schedules. 

No. 10. Virginia Midland and Central Short and 
Magnolia Routes. — Arrive at Charlotte 12.30 a.m.; 
Columbia 5.08 a.m.; Augusta 5.30a.m. — breakfast; 
change ; take Pullman car to Savannah ; leave 6.00 
a.m. via Magnolia Route; arrive at Yemassee 12.30 
p.m. — dinner ; arrive at Savannah 3.30 p.m. ; leave 
via Atlantic & Gulf Railroad 4.45 p.m. ; arrive at 
Jesup 6.00 p.m. — supper; arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 
a.m. See St. John's River steamers. 

No. II. Old Dominion Stea?ners^ via Charleston 
and Savannah. — Leave New York, Pier 37, North 



68 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



Map Showing Routes of 

BAY LINE STEAMERS AND 

OLD DOMINION STEAMSHIP COMPANY. 




BALT/zi, 



\ \ V si .r 4 '^^ / 'h^' 



Lj^'vjond 




PORTSMOUTH 



VVL NORFOLK 







V'^^:^, 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 69 

river, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, arrive 
following day 5.00 p.m ; change ; take sleeping car to 
Wilmington ; leave Portsmouth 6.30 p.m ; arrive at 
and leave Weldon morning 2.15 o'clock; arrive at 
Wilmington 8.16 a.m. same morning; change; leave 
Wilmington 8.36. a. m ; arrive at Charleston 5.45. p.m ; 
leave Charleston 8.10. p.m ; take sleeping car ; arrive 
at Savannah 6.40. a.m ; change ; leave Savannah 4.45. 
p.m ; take sleeping car ; arrive at Jacksonville 8. 00 a.m. 

No. 12. Old Dominion Steamers^ via Augusta. — 
Arrive at Wilmington as in previous route ; leave 8.36 
a.m ; arrive at Columbia 4.15 p.m ; (Aiken 8.45 p.m.) 
Augusta 8.30. p.m ; change ; leave 8.35 via Alagnolia 
route ; take sleeping car to Savannah ; arrive 6.40 a.m. ; 
change. 

Charleston Steamers, — Leave New York, Pier 27, 
North River, 3.00 p.m. every Wednesday and Sat- 
urday. The steamer which leaves New York on 
Wednesday, arrives at Charleston on Satnrday morn- 
ing. The steamer which leaves New York on Satur- 
day, arrives at Charleston on Tuesday morning. Each 
steamer makes close connection with the steamers 
'* St. Johns" and "" City Point," for Florida, etc. See 
Charleston connections. 

Charleston Con7iectio7is — Steamers '"' St. Johns," 
Capt. Vogel, and '• City Point," Capt. Scott. — One of 
the above steamers will leave Charleston every Tues- 
day and Saturday, on ariival of steamer of Charleston 
line from New York. vSteamer leaving Charleston 
Tuesday, arrives at Savannah Tuesday afternoon ; ar- 
rive at Jacksonville Wednesday morning, stopping at 
principal landings on St. John's River ; arrive at Pa- 
latka Wednesday afternoon. Steamer leaving Charles- 
ton Saturda\ morning, arrives at Savannah Saturday 
afternoon ; arrive at Jacksonville Sunday morning, 
stopping at principal landings on St. John's River ; 
arrive at Palatka Sunday afternoon. 



70 



THE FLORIDA PATttFlNDER. 



MAP OF SOUTHERN CONNECTIONS. 
FROM CHARLESTON AND SAVANNAH. 




THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. *Jl 

Charleston Connections — Sava^inah & C/iarles- 
ton Railroad. — Leave Charleston 7.15 a m. ; arrive 
at Savannah i.oo p.m.; leave Charleston 8.10 p.m. ; 
arrive at Savannah 6.40 a.m. 

JVew Tork and Savannah Steamers. — Steamers 
" City of Macon" and " City of Savannah" leave Pier 
43, North River, each alternate Saturday at 3 p.m. 
Steamers •' Gate City" and '' City of Columbus" leave 
Pier 43, North River, each alternate Wednesday at 3 
p.m. Steamer leaving New York Saturday, arrives 
at Savannah Tuesday, making close connection with 
steamer of Inland route to Jacksonville and all points 
on the vSt. John's River. Steamer leaving New York 
Wednesday, arrives at Savannah Saturday, making 
close connection with steamer o{ inland route to Jack- 
sonville and all points on the St. John's River. See 
Savannah connections. 

Savannah Co?inectio?ts — Inland Steamers. — The 
steamer "City of Bridgeton" leaves Savannah every 
Tuesday and Saturday, 5.00 p.m. ; arrives at Jackson- 
ville next day, evening. Steamer ''David Clark" 
leaves Savannah every Monday and Thursday, 5.00 
p.m. ; arrives at Jacksonville next day, evening. 

Savannah Connections. — Steamer "St. Johns" and 
'' City Point" will touch at Savannah, and leave every 
Tuesday and Saturday afternoons for Jacksonville and 
all principal points on the St. John's River, terminat- 
ing at Palatka. 

Savannah Connections — Atlantic & Gulf Rail- 
road. — Leave Savannah daily 4.45 p.m. ; take sleep- 
ing car to Jacksonville; arrive at Jesup 7.15 p.m. — 
supper ; arrive at Live Oak 2.25 a.m. ; arrive at Jack- 
sonville 8.00 a.m. 

Boston to Richmond., via Fall River Line — Penn- 
sylvania Railroad. — Leave Boston via Old Colony 
Railroad Depot, 6.00 p.m. ; arrive at New York, Pier 
28, North River, 6.30 a.m. ; leave New York 8.20 



72 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



a.m. ; arrive at Washington 4.55 p.m. ; arrive at Rich- 
mond 10.15 p.m. ; continue South as per schedules of 
Athmtic Coast Line, Piedmont Air Line, and Central 
Short Line. 

Boston to Richmond^ via New lork and New 
England Railroad. — Leave Boston 6.00 p.m. ; take 
sleeping car; arrive at New York 4.30 a.m.; leave 
Jersey City 4.35 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 p.m. 
See Atlantic Coast Line, Piedmont Air Line, and Cen- 
tral Short Line schedules from Richmond. 

Boston to RicJwiond^ via Shore line. — Leave Bos- 
ton 10.00 p.m. ; arrive at New York 5.53 a.m. ; leave 
New York 8.20 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 P*"^* 
See schedules from Richmond South. 

Boston to Richmond., via Springfield. — Leave Bos- 
ton 9.00 p.m. ; arrive in New York 5.23 a.m. ; leave 
New York, 8. 20 a.m. ; arrive at Richmond 10.15 a.m. 
See schedules from Richmond South. 

Philadelphia to Savannah — Philadelphia aftd 
Southern Mail Steafnship Line. — Steamer leaves 
Philadelphia ever}' Saturday. 

Boston to Savannah. — Steamship leaves Boston 
every alternate Wednesday. F. Nickerson & Co., 
Agents, 205 State street, Boston. 

St. yohn's River Steamers — For Palatka and En- 
terprise. — The splendid steamboat ''Hampton/' Capt. 
A. W. Starke. James AL Gallagher. Purser, leaves 
Tacksonville, daily, (Sunday excepted,) 9.00 a.m., on 
arrival of train from Savannah, for all principal points 
on the St. John's River as far as Palatka, and return- 
ing to Jacksonville the same day ; arrive at Mandarin 
9.30 a.m. ; arrive at Magnolia 10.30 a.m. ; Green Cove 
Spring 10.45 ^•''^^* ' ^I'l'ive at Tocoi 12.30 p.m. ; (change 
here and take cars for St. Augustitie, arriving in 40 
minutes ;) arrive at Palatka 2.00 p.m. Included in 
the through ticket to Sanford, Mellonville and Enter- 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 73 



prise is a hotel coupon, which extends to the holder 
first-class hotel accommodations one night at Palatka ; 
continue — 

Palatka to Enterprise. — Leave 8.00 a.m. on either 
steamboat, '^Pastime" or "Water Lily"; arrive at 
Enterprise 7.00 p.m., thus constituting a trip by day- 
light — -Jacksonville to Enterprise. 

For Enterprise and Sanford. — Steamer '' Hattie" 
leaves Jacksonville every Tuesday and Friday at 12.00 
o'clock noon. S. G. Searing & Co., Agents. 

Eor Enterprise and Indian River. — Steamer 
'* Geo. M. Bird," VV. A. Shaw, Master, leaves Jack- 
sonville every Tuesday and Friday mornings, after 
arrival of train from Savannah ; leaves Palatka 9.00 
p.m. for upper St. John's River, Connecting at Lake 
Monroe with the new steamer "'Wekiva" for Indian 
River. 

For Enterprise. — Steamer 'Carrie," Capt Joe 
Smith ; Leaves Jacksonville every Wednesday 6.00 
p.m., and Sunday 9.00 a.m., stopping at Palatka. Vo- 
lusia. Orange City, Mellonville, Enterprise, etc. 

Palatka to Enterprise. — Steamer ' ' Spitfire '* leaves 
Palatka every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, for 
all landings on the upper St. Johns ; returning, leaves 
Enterprise every Monda}-, Wednesday and Friday. 

For Crescent City. — Steamer '^ Flora," Capt. J. F. 
Rhoads, leaves Jacksonville every Monday, Wednes- 
day and Friday, 8.00 a.m., stopping at all landings on 
the river ; connecting at Crescent City with stage line 
for Daytona, etc. S. G. Searing & Co., Agents. 

For Salt Lake. — Steamer " Wekiva," Capt. Wm. 
Jones, leaves Jacksonville every Wednesday. 12 noon, 
touching at Palatka, Welaka, Lake George, Volusia, 
Lake Beresford, Sanford, Mellonville, Enterprise, 
Lake Jessup, etc. H. Granger, Agent. 

For Salt Lake. — Steamer " Volusia," Capt. Thorn- 



74 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

as Lund, leaves Jacksonville every Saturday, 12.00 
noon, touching at Palatka, Welaka, Lake George, Vo- 
lusia, Lake Beresford, Sanford, Melloilville, Enter- 
prise, Lake Jessup, connecting with St. Johns and In- 
dian River Railroad for Titusville ; John Clarke, Agent. 

For Ocklawaha River — Harfs Line. — Steamer 
"Okeehumkee," Capt. A. L.Rice, leaves Jacksonville 
every Thursday 10.00 a.m. ; leaves Palatka same night 
on arrival of Charleston steamer ; returning, arrives 
at Palatka Tuesday morning, and at Jacksonville same 
day. 

For Ocklawaka River^frofn Palatka. — Steamer 
'' Marion," Capt. H. A. Gray, leaves Palatka every 
Monday and Thursday night on arrival of the steamers 
from Charleston, Savannah and Jacksonville. 

For Okeehu?nkee. — Steamer '■Forester," Capt. 
Charles Taylor, leaves Jacksonville every Sunday 
morning 9.00 a.m., touching at Palatka and all landings 
on the Okeehumkee river. H. Granger Agent. 

For Silver Spri7igs^ Leesbicrg and Okeehumkee. 
— Steamer *' Tuskawilla " leaves Palatka ever}; Thurs- 
day and Tuesday, 8.00 p.m. 

For Green Cove Spring. — Steamer " Florence 
Witherbee" leaves Jacksonville daily 3.00 p.m.; re- 
turning, leaves Green Cove Spring 7.00 a.m. 

For Gree?i Cove Spritig. — Steamer "Mary Draper" 
daily from Jacksonville 3.00 p.m. 

St. jfohn's Railway. — Connecting the St. Johns 
River w^ith St. Augustine. Time about 40 minutes. 
Making close connections at Tocoi with mail boats 
and steamers "Hampton," ^' St. Johns," and "City 
Point," etc. 

Jacksonville^ Nassau and Havana. — Steamer 
" Secret" leaves Jacksonville three times each month, 
extending one trip per month to Havana. P. Mc- 
Quaid, Agent, Jacksonville ; R. F. Armstrong, Agent, 
St. Augustine. 



THE FI-ORIDA PATHFINDER. 75 

BAY LINE 

THE DIEECT AND POPULAR ROUTE TO 

FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH. 

EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES. 

The Attention of Toubists and Travelleks, who contemplate visiting 
Florida and other favorite Winter Resorts of ihe South, is respectfully ca'led to 
the improved schedules recently put in operation, and other superior facilities 
oifered by the 

BAY lilllH »#TWWBt 

to ensure ExPEDiTioxTS, SAFE AND Comfortable travelling. 

The following Time-Table will show the convenient hours of leaving principal 
point?, viz. : 

LeaveNEW YORK (via Pennsylvania R. R.) - _ _ 4.00 P, M. 

" PHILADELPHIA (via P. W. & B. R. R.) - - 6.00 P. M. 

" BALTIMORE ivia Bay Steamers from Canton Wharf, 

on arrival of New York Train.) - _ _ 9.00 P.M. 

Arriving at Norfolk and Portsmouth at 9.30 a.m., with direct connections via 
Atlantic Coast Line to all points South. 

Through Cam from New York, directly to Steamers' wharf at Baltimore. No 
omnibus transfers at any point. 

The 12.55 p.m. train from New York, (via Pennsylvania R. R.,) with Tkrough 
Cars to Baltimore, also connect directiv with the Steamers. 

The new Palace Steamers of the Line, the "CAROLINA'" and "FLORIDA," 
(and "VIRGINIA" now building, to be ready for service January 1, 1879.) are 
unsurpassed in strength of construction and magnificence of finish. Elegant 
Saloons, large and luirriors Staterooms, sinele and connecting. Superior 
cuisine cour eous attention, an undisturbed night's rest, and agreeable change 
.ind relief fr m the monotony and disagreeable features rf a sea-voyage, or fatigue 
of an all-rail trip. 

Parlor Cars by day, or Pullman Sleeping Cars at night, on connecting rail- 
lines. 

Reservations made in Parlor and Sleei)ing Oars, and Staterooms on Steamers. 
Price of Through Tickets, Time-Tables, and general information cheerfully fur- 
nished on application, by mail or in person, to 

OFFICES: 



2»8 WASHINGTON STREET. 

BOSTON, 
««» BROADWAY, 

NEW YORK, 



TOO & 838 CHESTNUT ST., 

PHILADELPHIA, 

157 WEST BALTIMORE ST., 

BALTIMORE, 



And Principal Ticket Offices of Connecting Lines, 

— :or:— 

H. T. TOMPKIXS, Southern and Sastem Pass'r Affent, 
229 Broadway, New York. 

£MIM[£T BKOTVN, General Ticket Agrent, 
Baltimore, Md. 



76 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH, 

VIA THE 

ATLANTIC COAST LINE 

Fast Mail Passenger Route. 
^^ ATT R, A TTj " 

WASHINGTON, RICHMDHD, ' WllMINGION. 

Your attention again is invited to the much-improved condition of this (Treat 
Through Line over all T'revious seasons. A perfect condition of Roadway and 
Equipment, create:! by Steel Rail and Ballasted Track, Automatic Brakes, Mini- 
mnn\ jirades and conci-rt of action at junction points, precludes the possibility of 
mis-connect iiDis. and enables all delays to be overcome and objective pomts 
reacheil with absolute certainty. 

DOUBLE DAILY ALL RAIL SERVICE 

to CHARLESTON. SAVANNAH, and to AIKEN and AUGUSTA, 
via Charlestou. Daily to COLUMBIA, AIKEN. AUGUSTA, JACK- 
SONVILLE. MACON. ATLANTA, COLUMBUS, MONTGOM- 
ERY. SELMA. MOBILE. NEW ORLEANS, GALVESTON, &c. 

Pullman Sleepers Boston to Savaunah. Ga., without change, 
New York to Richmond, "Wilmington to Charleston. Wilmington 
to Savannah. Wilmington to Aiken, via Charleston ; and Sleeping 
Cars Savannah to Jacksonville, and Columbia to Augusta and to 
Savaimah. Parlor Cars on day train between Richmond and 
WilmiuGfton. 

Persons desirous of visitin EASTMAN, GA.. or THOMASYILLE. GA., will 
find this route prefera>)le. as eitht-r point can be reached via WASHINGTON, 
RK HMOND. WILMINGTON. CHARLESTON and SAVANNAH, or by 
WASHINGTON, RK HMOND. WILMINGTON, AUGUSTA and MAtON. 

Round trin tickets from Norther i and Easttrn points on sate at reduced rates 
to JACKSONVILLE, FLA. Good to return until May 15th, 1879. 

BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH. 

THROUGH TICKETS sold throughout the North and East at 
all the authorized offices of the Pennsjdvania and Baltimore and 
Ohio Railroads. 

Special information and reservation of Sections, Berths and 
Chairs in Pullman Parlor and Sleeping Cars can be had at General 
Headqu.arters. 229 Broadway, New York. 

For Time Tables, etc., etc., see "Schedule of Routes." 

A. POPE, General Passeu<?er and Ticket Agent. 
A. SHAW. Supt. P. A P. R.R. K. M, SUI>t,Y, Gen. Supt. P. R.R. 

tJOXAlI H. "WHITE, Southern Passenger Affent, 

General OflSce ft^9 Broad^^ay, Xew Tork, 

Will answer all communications addressed to him. 



THF: FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 77 



FLORIDA. 



OLD D03IINI0N LINE OF STEAMSHIPS 

In close connection with ATLANTIC COAST LINE OF KAIL- 
WAYS for Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, Aiken, Jacksonville, 
St. AugiLstine, Palatka, Enterprise, etc., etc. 

One of the follow ng popular side- wheel steamers, 
OLD DOMINION, WYANOKE, ISAAC BELL, 

Capt. Waxkeb, Capt. Couch, Capt. Laweence, 

Will leave the Company's Pier, 37, North Eiver, every 

TUESDAY, THURSDAY & SATURDAY, 

At 3.00 o'clock P. M., 
Arriving at Portsmouth 5.00 p.m. next day, making close connec- 
tion with fast Florida trains. 

Leave Portsmouth 6.30 p.m.; arrive at Wilmington 8.36 a.m.; 
arrive at Charleston 5.45 p.m.; arrive at Savannah 6.40 a.m.; 
arrive at Jacksonville 8.00 a.m. 

Here take Old Dominion Steamship Company's elegant steamer 

HAMPTON, 

For all landings on the St. John's Kiver. 

EXCURSION TICKETS 

New York to Jacksonville $45. Go^d to return until May 15, 1879. 

Also connecting at Charleston and Savannah with the splendid 
and entirely new side-wheel steamer ST. JOHNS, Captain Leo 
VoGEL, built expressly for the Florida Eoute, for Savannah, Fer- 
nandina, J icksonv lie. St. Augustine, Hibernia, Magnolia, Green 
Cove Spring, Tocoi. Palatka. and points beyond. 

The steamer ST. JOHNS unites great speed with the utmost 
safety and comfort, landing passengers on the St. John's River, on 
the morning following their departure from Charleston or Savannah. 

W. H. STANFORD, Sec'y. 

GENERAL OFFICE, 

197 Greenwich St., cor, Fulton, New York. 



78 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

FLORIDA, AIKEN AND THE SOUTE 

THE CENTRAL SHORT LINE, 

VIA 

RICHMOND, CHARLOTTE AND COLUMBIA. 

to Augusta, Aiken, Charleston, Savannah, JACK- 
SONVILLE, and ALL POINTS IN FLORIDA and 
Southwest Georgia. 

Fifty-seven Miles Shorter than any other Line via Char- 
lotte, Columbia, Augusta, Aiken, etc. 
Schedule in effect December 1st, 1878. 

Only route running Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars 
from New York to Savannah without change or de- 
tention en route. 

Passengers who may wish to perform the journey 
by easy stages, will find first-class hotel accommoda- 
tions at the various attractive cities and towns between 
Richmond, Va., Charlotte, N. C, and Augusta, Ga. 

EXCURSION TICKETS 

on sale at all Coupon Ticket Offices at the following 
low rates, jrood to return until May 15th, 1879 : 

NEW YORK TO JACKSONVILLE AND RETURN, - - »50 OO 

Philadelphia to Jacksonville and return, ----- 46 OO 

Baltimore to Jacksonville and return, ----- 48 OO 

Washington to Jacksonville and return, ----- 40 OO 

Remember this is the only route via Columbia and 
Augusta without change of cars, by which route pas- 
sengers have FIFTEEN DAYS to and from Jackson- 
ville, with the privilege of stopping off at AIKEN, 
S. C, and other attractive Winter resorts en route. 

For additional information apply at headquarters, 
No. 9 ASTOR HOUSE, NEW YORK. 

«J. £.. T¥ALDROP, Gen*l Kaatera Affent, 

Ho, Astor Mouse, Xew "i ork. 

. »a, R. MACM URDO, een'l Passenser Avent, Richmond, Ti». 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. >}^ 

PIEDMONT AIR LINE, 

VIA 

Richmond, Danville, Charlotte, Spartan- 
burg, Greenville and Atlanta. 

72 MILES THE SHORTEST ROUTE 

BETWEEN 

New York, Atlanta, New Orleans, 

AND THE SOUTHWEST. 

The only Line running Pullman Palace Drawing- 

Room Cars between New York and Atlanta 

without change, with only one change (which 

is made in Union Depot at Atlanta) to 

New Orleans. Close connections 

made in Atlanta for 

ALL FLORIDA POINTS, 

DOUBLE DAILY TRAINS 

between New York, Atlanta, Brunswick, 

Macon, Eastman, Thomasville, Qa., 

Jacksonville and Fernandina, Fla. 

EXCURSION TICKETS, 

available until May 15th, 1879, at the following low rates, on sale 
at all Coupon Ticket Ofl&ces throughout the North and East : 

NEW YORK TO JACKSONVILLE AND RETURN, - - 950 OO 

Philad Iphia to Jacksonville and return, - - - - _ 40 oO 

Baltimore to Jacksonville and return, - - _ _ _ ^^ OO 

Washington to Jacksonville and return, - - _ _ _ 40 OO 

For additional information apply at headquarters, No. 9 ASTOR 
HOUSE, NEW YORK. 

J. lu. TVAr.BSOP, Gen'l Eastern Affent, 

No. O Astor Houae, Xew York. 
J. K. MAOMXJRBO, Gen'l Passeneer Affent, Richmond, Va. 
W. J. HOUSTOir, Gen'l Pass. Affont, Atlanta, Oa. 



8o THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

EXCURSION TICKETS 

BY 

THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND ROUTE 

TO 

FLORIDA AND THE SOUTH 

AHE NOW ON SALE AT ALL OFFICES. 

By its connections ut 

LYNCHBURG 

with the Great Southern Mail Route and the 
Kennesaw Rou'e, and its connection at 

DANVILLE 

with the direct Hnes via Charlotte, Columbia, 
or Augusta, 

THE VIRGINIA MIDLAND 

Is enabled to offer a greater variety ot 

THROUGH LINES 

THAN ANY OTHER 

SLEEPING CARS WITHOUT CHANGE 

from New York to Washington, Washington 

to Atlanta, Atlanta to Jacksonville, 

Danville to Savannah, Savannah 

to Jacksonville. 

To insure comfort, ask for Tickets and Berths by the 

VIRGINIA MIDLAND. 

e. M. HUXTIXGTOir, General Eafitern Agent, 

315 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 8t 



OCEAN STEAMSHIP CO. 

Ne'wr York & Savannah Line. 
THE ROUTE EOB FLORIDA. 

This Line comprises four new and elegant iron steamships, sail- 
ing regularly from New York and Savannah every WEDNESDAY 
and SATUEDAY, viz. : 

EVERY WEDNESDAY— Steamship GATE CITY, Capt. Dag- 
gett ; Steamship CITY OF COLUMBUS, Capt. Nickekson. 

EVERY SA.TURD AY Steamship CITY OF SAVANNAH, 
Capt. Maxloby ; Steamship CITY OF MACON, Capt. Kempton. 

The elegant accommodations for passengers on these fine ships 
are unsurpassed by any shi])s out of the Por. of New York. 

Connecting at Savannah with the Georgia and Florida Inland 
Steamboat Co., and Savannah, Florida and Charleston Steam- 
boat Co. 

Also WITH 

CENTRAL RAILROAD. 

Two Trains Daily for all ]ioints in Middle, North and Southwest 
Georgia, Alabama, Mississij-pi, Tennessee and Louisiana. 

And with the ATLANTIC & GULF RAILROAD to all points 
in Florida, Southern and Middle Georgia and ^vith steamers on 
the Chattahooche River. Two Fast Trains Daily between Savan- 
nah and Jacksonville, Fla. C. D. Owens. Gen'l Agent Atlantic & 
Gulf Railroad, 315 Broadway. 

Families en route for Florida, Georgia, Alabama, and even as 
far as New Orleans, will find the Savannah Route the most enjoy- 
able, for comfort as well as saving in expense. 

Through Bills of Lading given for Freights to all points in 
Flokida, Georgia. Alabama and Tennessee. Rates and Classi- 
fications will be furnished by the undersigned. 

Goods forwarded through New York and Savannah FREE OF 
COMMISSION. 

Freight receiv^ed daily at the Covered Pier, 43, North River. 

Bills of Lading furnished and signed on the Pier. 
For Freight or Passage apply to 

GEO. YONGE, Gen'l Agent, 

Ocean Steamship Co., and Central Railroad of Georgia, 

409 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



82 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



GR£AT SOUTHERN FREIGHT 

AND 



MlfB= 



VIA 

CHARLESTON, S. C, 

THE SOUTH AND THE SOUTHWEST, 

AND THE 

FLORIDA PORTS. 

WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY, 

At 3 o'clock P. M., from Pier 27, N. K., 
CITY OF ATLANTA, CHAMPION, 

Capt. M. S. WooDHULL. Capt. R. W. Lockwood. 

CHARLESTON, GULF STREAM, 

Capt. Bekey. Capt. Ingram. 

The above Steamers have been handsomely fitted up for the con- 
venience of i)assengers, and are unrivaled on the coast for 

SAFETY, SPEED AND COMFORT. 

Close connections at Charleston with the favorite and well-known 
Florida packets, ST. JOHNS, Capt. Vogel ; CITY POINT, Capt 
Scott for FERNANDINA, JACKSONVILLE, ST. AUGUSTINE, 
PALATKA, ENTERPRISE, MELLONVtLLE, and all points in 
Florida. 

EXCURSION TICKETS AT REDUCED RATES. 

Through Tickets can be obtained at all the principal Hotels and 

Ticket OflSces in the City, or at the Office of the Company, Pier 

27, North River. 

^^Insurauce to destination, ONE-HALF OF ONE PER CENT. 

Goods forwarded Free of Commission. Passage Tickets and 

Bills of Lading issued and signed at the office of 

JAMES T^. QUIA TABS A CO., AK*ntB, 
Pier 97, N. B., foot of Park Place. Office on the TVhaj-f. 
TF. P. cr.'S'BX: <& CO., Xo. « SowUnflT Oreen. 

Through Freight Tariffs, Pass ge Tickets by all routes and to. 
all points iu the South and Southwest, and further information, 
can be obtained at the office of 

B£:9rTI.£X S. lIAS£I.r., General Ayent, 
&re«t ttontkern Fr«l«ht I^lne, SIT Broadway, oor. Thomas M. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 83 

THE 

Magniliceiit New Steamer 
ST. JOHNS, . Capt. Vogel, 

Together with the Fine Steamer 

CITY POINT, - Capt. Scott, 

Connect at CHAELESTON and SAVANNAH wdth the New York 
Steamers and Northern Trains for 

Savannah, Fernandina, Jacksonville, St. 

Augustine, Hibernia, Magnolia, 

Green Cove Spring, and 

Palatka. 

Including dl Landings on St. John's Hiver. 

(Connect at PALATKA with Steamers for ENTEKPKISE, MEL- 

LONVILLE, SANFORD, and INDIAN RIVER ; also 

with Steamers for the OCKLAWAHA RIVER. 

By taking the Direct Route, passengers avoid spending a night 

in malarious districts ; these steamers skirting the shores of the 

Sea Islands and insuring Saeett, Comeokt and Health. 

VISITORS TO FLORIDA, 

Whether pleasure-seekers or invalids, wiU find the route by the 
ST. JOHNS and CITY POINT the most enjoyable and the least 
expensive ; it is the only route by which the beautiful scenery of 
the LowEB St. John's Riveb can be viewed, with the many points 
rendered interesting, as the scenes of the earliest settlements on 
the Continent, and of the many bloody struggles l^etween the 
French and Spaniards. 

Those traveling with invalids — ladies or children — wiU particu- 
larly appreciate the troul le and anxiety avoided, by being carried 
direct to their destination without several times having to shift 
baggage, etc., etc. 

The Steamers are of the safest description, especially adapted 
t© the serviciv^ fitted with every comfort and convenience— clean, 
comfortable State-rooms ; a table provided with every luxury of 
the Charleston, Savannah and Florida Markets, and equal to that 
oC any first-class hotel. 



84 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



NASSAU, N. P., HAVANA, CUBA, 

JACKSONVILLE, FLA. 

Florida, Nassau ari Eavaiia Uail Steansliip Line. 

Steanishij^ SECRET, having been entirely refitted, and having 
large passenger accommodations, will run regularly between the 
above points, leaving 

JACKSONVILLE FOE, NASSAU 
THREE TIMES EACH MONTH, 

And extending one trij) each month to 



THUS FORMING 

THE MOST DELIGHTFUL EXCURSION 

Ever Offered in American Waters. 

rOMBINING 

FLORIDA, NASSAU AND HAVANA, 

IVIth their Varied Phases of Tropical I.lfe. 

ILLUSTEATED GUIDE BOOK OF NASSAU, 

Giving all particulars, including: Table of Temv>erature, etc., will be furnished to 
all applicants enclosing postage Ptamn and address by mail. 

TO IXVALIO.S seeking a MORE EQUABLE CLIMATE THAN FLOR- 
IDA can afford, NASSAU is stronKly recommended, as the temperature never 
fallK below 64'- Fahrenheit, nor rises above 88% and where the 
variation does not exceed 5" in S4 hours. 

TOUKISTS AXO PLKA.MKE-SEEKKItS will find the tropical 
scenery of >ew Provic'euce and the surrounding islands a source of constant 
enjoyment. 

THE ROYAL VICTORIA HOTEL 

Ls beautifully situated, and well kept. It is favorally known the 
world over by Tourists and Tnivelcrs. 

For further information. Eates, Passage, Schedule of Depart- 
ures, etc.. api'ly to 

MURRAY, FERRIS & CO., 

Agents and Manag^ers, 62 SOUTH »TBEET. X. Y. 

t,EVE «t AEPEX. Pass. Agents, ©. LEVE, Gen, Pass. Agt., 

271 Broadvray. Savannah, (ia. 

A. E. HUXGEKFoicD, R. F. AKMSTKONG, 

Pass. Airt., Jacksonville, Fla. Pass. Aet., St. Anirustlne, Fla. 

P, McQUAID. Agent. Jacksonville. Fla, 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



85 



THE 

ST. AUGUSTINE HOTEL, 

St. Augustine, Fla. 




E. E. VAILL, Proprietor. 

Ninth Season Opens Monday, Dec. 2, 1878. 

This spacious and el^ant Hotel occupies the most commanding 
situation in the City ; and having l)een enlarged to double its for- 
mer capacit3^ offers superior acconmiodatious to the traveling pub- 
lic. It has a Southerly front of 200 feet upon the Plaza, or E*ublic 
Square, and an Easterly front of 1 €0 feet upon i he Bay. with wide 
piazzas and hanging balconies from each story, overlookinpf the 
City, Bay and Atlantic Ocean. 

The House has been entirely refitted and refurnished throughout, 
and has been frescoed during the past Summer by a decorating 
artist from New York. A restaurant has l^een opened, where all 
the delicacies of the season (an be obtained at reasonable prices. 
Is lighted with gas and provided with every modern improvement, 
including water conveniences, electric bells, etc.. etc. The south 
piazza has been enclosed, and the drainage entirely ]ierfected. 

The Dining Hall is capable of seating over 300 guests, and the 
table will b ■ furnished with aU the luxuries of the Northern mar- 
kets. At this Hotel every convenience will be found in the way of 
Telegraph and Ticket Offices, Bar and Billiard Saloons, etc, 



86 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



ENLARGED AND IMPROVED. 



U3 

CO 

CD 




o 






Electric Bells in each Room. Suites of Rooms 
Families. The Cuisine isfunexceptionabie. 
Unsurpassed Accommodations. 



for 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



87 



WHITNEY BROS., 

PRINTERS & BOOKSELLERS. 



DEALERS IN 




9 




l"!J!i!MJ( 



faekli 



SPORTING GOODS, 



AND 






ORDERS RECEIVED. 

Unsurpassed assortment of 

Feather Fans & Feather Flowers. 

FEATHER WORK MADE TO ORDER. 

ST. GEORGE STREET, 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLORIDA, 

(^opposite Magnolia Hotel.) 



88 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



MAGNOLIA HOTEL, 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 




W. W. PALMER, Proprietor. 

The Magnolia, in its enlarged condition, is capable 
of accommodating double its former capacity. Suites 
of rooms have been arranged for the special conven- 
ience of families. 

The sleeping appointments have been specially se- 
lected for comfort and ease, and are unsurpassed. 
Nearly all the rooms contain marble mantels and fire- 
places. The ventilation is perfect. Each room is 
supplied with electric call bells. The new^ dininj^- 
room is capable of seating 300 guests. The cuisine 
in every respect is unexceptionable. The hotel grounds 
are tastefully laid out, and possess a fine croquet lawn. 

The Magnolia is located on St. George Street — the 
Fifth Avenue of St. Augustine. It stands upon the 
highest ground in the city, and atibrds a fine view of the 
town and ocean. Rooms may be secured by telegram. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 89 

CURIOSITY SHOP, 

ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 

Dealer in 

Sea Beans, Alligator Teeth, Shells, 
Coral, Canes, 

A NO 

OOQUINA ORNAMENTS. 

Feather Flowers & Feather Fans 

Made to Order. 

GENERAL TICKET OFriCE. 

C. F. HAMBLEN, 

DEALER IN 

CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES, 

CKOCKEKY, LAMPS, FISHING TACKLE. SPOKTING GOOPS, 
B(K)TS AND SHOES, I.TC. 

TOBACCO AND SEGARS. 

South Side of the Plaza, 

Opposite the St. Augustine Hotel. ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 

MRS. C. H. PATTERSON, 
PRIVATE BOARDING HOUSE, 

Centrally located on 
BAY STREET, ST. AUGUSTINE. 

This is one of the finest locations to be found in the Ancient City. Here 
may be had an unobstructed view of St. Augustine Bay, Anas asia Island, and 
the Ocean. It is located midway between Fort Marion and the Plaza. 

TERMS, $10 TO $12. 



90 THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 

ROLLESTON'S 

St. George Street, next to Post Office. 

Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Silver Ware. 

FANCY GOODS AND NOVELTIES. 

NATIVK .lEWEI.KV A M> PM-OKIDA CrKIOvrriES. 
W^atehes and JTe^relry Repaired In a Superior Manner. 

A. H. HORN, 

CHARLOTTE STKEET, - - ST. AXJGUSTIXE, FI.A 

Garments made to order in the latest style. Repairing and 
Cleaning Old Garments at moderate prices. Terms Cash, A de- 
l)Osit required on all orders, 

AeEDTT FOR SINOER'S SETFINO MACHINE. 



WM. A. FRY, 
REAL ESTATE AGENCY. 

Office at Residence, 

KING STREET COTTAGE, IN DR. ANDERSON'S 

GROVE, ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA. 

MRS. J. V. HERNANDEZ, 

first-class 

PRIVAT£ BOARDING HOUSE. 

This house is a new one, and newly furnished throughout, ard 
will accommodate about forty guests. Is situated on Charlotte 
street, two doors from the corner of Treasury street, and one block 
from the "Plaza." A very pleasant location, and well fitted for 
the comfort of visitors. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 9 1 

Larkin House, 

PALATKA, - - FLORIDA, 
On the St. John^s River. 

Is an entirely new hotel, has large rooms, 
high ceilings and perfect ventilation ; is light- 
ed with gas ; has electric bells and wardrobes 
in every room ; the sleeping rooms are hand- 
somely furnished throughout ; the table is 
equal to any in the country. Accommodation 
for 2 5o guests. Rooms engaged by telegram. 

LARKIN & ALLEN, Propers. 
CAMP LIF£ IN FLORIDA. 

A HANDBOOK FOR 

Sportsmen, Invalids, Tourists and Settlers. 

350 pp., 12mo. Price, $1.50. 
Published by " FoKEST & Stream " Publishing Co. 

SPORTSMAN'S GAZETTEER, 

A. COMPI.ETE MANTJAI. OF INSTRUCTION IN 

Hunting, Fishing, Training and Diseases of Dogs, Boating, Woodcraft, Taxi- 
dermy, etc. 900 pages. Price, J|;3.00. 
Copies can be obtained in St. Augustine, Fla., by application to 
Whitney Bros, and Florida Press OfSce. 

£<$TABI.I$H£I> 18a«. 

WILLIAM MILLS & SON, 

(Successors to Thos. H. Bate <fc Co.) 
Manufacturers and Importers of 

N££DL.ES, FISH HOOKS, 

And all descriptions of 

FISHING TACKLE. 

Also, Sole Agents for 

BliOOD'S PATENT HKI>IX NERDLES, AC. 

(Manufactoey : Redditch, Eno.) 

NO. t TVAItKEN STKEET. 

WILLIAM MILLS. THOMAS BATE MILLS. 



92 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 



ESTABLISH ED 1840. 



^^ ^^ OPTICIAN. *; !" ^^^ • 

C- —41 UNION SpUAREr 3 

— ^ BROADWAY At 17!!! ST. 



<^it5; 



.»iO^' •.'^)--S!^^ lA^^. ^ .... . ^^•-1 



^Sn. ^P^ Mt^^" S.WALDSTEIN, 

^0UArS'7:^1;iVjt^*' 5K0HLIV1ARKT, 

LATE FROM 451 B.W/^Y. cELEBRMEi ARTIFICIAL EYES. VIENNA. 



FORMERLY 54.sawAY ^^U Agents roR^^^^ 



THE GREAT 

PASS BlWiiB &1^«:, 

BETWEEN 

NEW YORK AND BOSTON. 

PALACE STEAMERS 

Bristol and Providence^ 

Netvporf and Old Colony. 

The Best and Cheapest Route between the 

East and South. 

Headquarters for Florida Tickets in Boston. 

3 OLD STATE HOUSE. 

1.. H. PALMEK, Asent. 



GEO. L. CONNOK, 

6en. Passenser Agreut. 



«Qi>erlntendent. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 93 



B. W. MERRIAM & CO., 

iff Mwmm€:wmw9 

NEW YORK. 

MIRRORS 



Of every description, in Stock 

and to Order, of new and 

elegant designs in 

GILT, ROSEWOOD, WALNUT, 

EBONY, OAK, ASH, ETC., 

For Piirlor^, Libraries, Dining- Rooms, 

Halls, Etc. 

Our facilities for supplying 

In every variety of woods, of 
choice designs and excel- 
lence of quality, are 
unsurpassed. 
PRICES GREATLY REDUCED. 



94 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 




A spacious, new bricK hotel. G-as in every room. Laundry and 
Bath Rooms. The house is provided with Creighton's Oral Enun- 
ciator, an Elevator, and is thoroughly finished throughout in first- 
class style. The house has been built with especial reference to 
egress in case of fire, having also stand pipes with line of hose on 
each floor connected with the same. The cuisine department has 
all the modern improvements, and is under charge of a competent 
person who has had long experience in a leading Boston hotel. 
The house is to be kept first-class in every respect. $3 per day. 



THE FLORIDA PATHFINDER. 95 

SPECIAL NOTICE. 

In consequence of the great difficulty in 
obtaining correct and reliable information 
concerning matters which interest the Flor- 
ida tourist, we appeal direct to Proprietors and 
Managers of all Florida Hotels and those lo- 
cated on the direct routes of travel to that 
State that, for mutual benefit, they advise us 
of any contemplated change in the name of 
hotel, rates of board, and management for the 
prospective season of 1879-80. To steam- 
boat managers in Florida waters- --on St. 
Johns river, upper St. Johns river section, In- 
dian river and coast sections, also steamers 
plying on the Ocklawaha river, etc., we would 
request that they furnish us complete informa- 
tion concerning their winter schedules, rates 
of fare and local distances, time required in 
round trip, etc., enabling us to present only 
correct and reliable information to the 
Florida tourist. Send information to 

JOHN P. WHITNEY, 

Florida Pathfinder. New York Cit}-. 



I NDEX 



Florida 3 

Geography. Population, etc 4 

County Map of I'lorida 6 

Vlxperiitions t<> Florida 6 

Climate 9 

Soil arid Production 11 

Sporting Facilities 12 

Expense of a Trip to Florida 14 

Princijial Springs; 14 

The Ocklav aha River 15 

The St. John's River 16 

Map o* Lower St. John's River .18 

Map of Upper St. Join's R'ver 19 

Point-— Distanceson St. Ji.lm's River.20 

Resorts on St. Johir.<^ Rivrr 20 

Mandarin iO 

Hibernia 21 

Miignol a 21 

Green ( ove Spring 21 

Picolata 21 

Tocoi 22 

Orange Mills 22 

I'alatka 22 

San Mateo 22 

Welaka 22 

Volusia 2i 

Lake tieorge 23 

Alexander 8 Landing 23 

Sanford 23 

Mellonville i3 

Blue Spring 23 

Ent rprise 24 

Lakes Jessup and Harney. 24 

< rescent City 24 

Halifax and Indian River Section 25 

Matanzas 2.i 

New Britain 25 

Daytona 2!> 

Port Orange 26 

New Smyrna 26 

Titusville 27 

Harryviile 27 

City Point 27 

Georgiana .27 

Eau Gallie 27 

Routes of Travel 27 

Miami 27 

Biscayne Kay 2« 

A Trip to the Indian River 28 

Tallahassee 30 

Lake City 3i) 

Fernandina oO 

Jacksonville 31 

Waldo 32 

Gainesville 32 

Ocala 32 

Brooksville 33 

Cedar Keys 33 

Tampa 33 

Charlotte Harbor 34 

Punta Rassa 34 

Fort Mj ers 34 

Fort Thompson 35 

he Everglades 35 

India-' s in llorida 35 

Key W.-st ^6 

ST. AUGUSTINE 36 

Map and Environs 37 

Streets 38 

City Gate, Town Wall 39 



Reference to Map of St. Augustine. 40 

Climate of St. Augustine 40 

Map City of St. Augustine 41 

Sea Wall . .42 

Orange Groves. Gardens, etc 42 

C: thclic Cathedral 43 

Governor's Palace . .44 

Cemeteries 44 

The Barracks 44 

The Plaza 44 

F< rt Marion 46 

Cor vents 60 

Therm'ter Ran'-e in St. Augrstine. .PO 

Visituis to St. Augustine .50 

Palmetto Hats, Lace, etc 61 

Ravenswood f 1 

I Yaihtine, Points to Visit, etc PI 

Anastasia Island 52 

I Spanish G')vernors 5.*} 

j Rapid Improvnients .^4 

I ^'assau Steamers .54 

Acconiniodatif ns in I'lf ride 55 to 57 

Hotels eii rouie 57 to 68 

Richm<nd 59 

Wilmington 59 

Columbia. Aiken 69 

' Charleston. Savannah 60 

Atlanta, Macon, Jesup 61 

j Headquarters tor Inf<>rniation 62 

Local and Through Fares 63 

j M;ip of all Routes to Florida 64 

Schedules of All R.ute- 65 to 74 

Schedules of Prioci- ; I Rovtes...e6 to 74 
ADVERTISEMENTS. 

I Kay Line Steamer.* 76 

, Atlantic ( oast Line of Railways 76 

, Old Dominion Steamship Co .77 

I Central Ik rt Line 78 

I Piedmont Air Line. . . 79 

I Virginia Midland Route 80 

Savannah Steamsiiiiis 81 

I Charleston Steiim-hips i2 

Steamers St. Johns and City Point — fS 

Nassau Steamer 84 

St. Augustine Hotel 86 

Magnolia H<.tel 86 

Whitney brothers 87 

Magnoha Hotel (-8 

1-. J. Ballard 89 

i C. F. Hamblen 89 

Mrs. V. H. Patterson f9 

Wm. Rolleston 90 

■ A. H. Hovn 90 

I Wm. A. Fry 90 

I Mrs. J. Hernandez 90 

Larkin House 91 

Forest <fc S ream I iiblicat ons PI 

Wm. Mills A: Son 91 

Fall River Line to F.ofeton 92 

Waldstein. Optician 92 

H. W. Merriam & Co 93 

Carleton Hou>e 94 

Florida Pathlinder 95 

MoUer's ( od Liver Oil 1 

Appleton's Winter Resorts 1 

John Dwight A Co On Cc ver . . . . 2 

Warren Ray On Cover 2 

1 Starr H. Ambler <fe Co. . On C over. ... 2 

H. W OoUender On Cover .3 

I Van Beils, Rye & Rock .On t over — 3 



mwk^iAmm w^um 



'«) 




The Grand Medal, the highest premium over all 
nations, has been awarded to me for Billiard Tables 
and Combination Cushions, Balls, Cues, &c., &c., at 
the Paris Exhibition of 1S78. New and second-hand 
Billiard Tables in all designs at lowest prices. 

H. W. COLLENDER, 

788 Broadway, corner 10th St., NEW YORK. 

9^ Send for Illustrated Catalogne. 

VAN BEIL'S 

"RYE AND RQGK." 

(Trade-Mark Recorded.) 

DEPOT, 88 CHAMBERS STREET, 

NEW YORK. 

Acknowledged by leading physicians and the public 
that have used it to be the best-known remedy for 
Lung. Throat and Malarial Diseases. It is a certain 
cure for Coughs, Colds, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, 
and Vocal disorders. 

For sale by all respectable druggists in New York 
and vicinity. 

JOHN B. TOGNI, JacksoiiYille, Fla., 

distributes it throughout that State. 



,^^ ^^. 






u .<^ 



-'>- V 



V 






.^-^ -^*. 



^■■-.. .^^ 



> '^. 



A ^> 



,-iS'" 



^\^' -^^^ 



